The Presidency Of John Fitzgerald Jr. - 801 Words

When people think back to the presidency of John Fitzgerald Kennedy Jr., many people think of his assassination, Martin Luther King Jr., and the Cold War. Although there is one major event that forever changed the course of the world, that being the mission labeled Apollo 11. This mission was to put men on the moon. In words it may sound simple, but so much had to be put into this mission. They did some amazing experiments while on the moon. It is also the origin of many famous sayings used on a daily basis. Some sayings such as â€Å"The Eagle has landed† and Neil Armstrong said, â€Å"That s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.† One can not stress enough how much this mission changed the world and how much new technology this mission brought into the grasp of humans. Let alone the boost in moral it give the public within the United States of America that there may be something greater out there other than the Earth. On May 25, 1961 President John F. Ke nnedy gave an inspirational speech stating, â€Å"I believe this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to Earth† (â€Å"Apollo 11†). This small statement would make a huge impact on the world. Amazingly enough a short eight years later Apollo 11 would lift off from Kennedy Space Center. Inside would contain two men, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin, who would live out the rest of their lives in fame of being the first humans on theShow MoreRelatedJohn F. Kennedy: Life and Times853 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy was born in Brookline, Massachusetts on May 29, 1917. John’s mother’s name was Rose Elizabeth Fitzgerald Kennedy and his father, Joseph Patrick Kennedy. Rose and Joseph had 9 children in total. John had a very competitive childhood with his older brother Joseph Patrick Junior. Jack (JFK) was sick very often in his childhood, but nether les s he was very active in sports and very social. Jack’s brother Joe Jr. was his parents’ favorite son. Joseph Patrick Kennedy was theRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy: The King of Camelot1039 Words   |  5 Pageswas this man who had influenced the world with his political charm and strives for change? The man of the hour is John Fitzgerald Kennedy. On May 29, 1917 in Brookline, Massachusetts one of America’s most beloved presidents is birthed into The Kennedy Family, a socially and politically prominent family residing in Massachusetts. Named after his mother’s father, John Fitzgerald Kennedy would go on to become one of the most influential president’s to grace the oval office. His parents RoseRead MoreJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy s Politics And World Affairs1348 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy, nicknamed Jack, was born on May 29, 1917. He was the second of 9 to be born to Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy and Joseph Kennedy Jr. While Jack was at Harvard in 1937, his father became the United States Ambassador to England. That sparked Jack’s interest in politics and world affairs. From then on, he strived to learn more about government and current events. When Jack was a senior at Harvard, WWII began. He wrote a thesis about why Great Britain was not ready for the war withRead MoreJohn F. K ennedy Essay1302 Words   |  6 PagesAmong his many honors as President of the United States of America, John Fitzgerald Kennedy remains the youngest man ever elected to the office of Chief Executive, and the youngest man to die while still fulfilling his duties. Serving as Americas President, John F. Kennedy held his office for 1000 days, dying November 22nd, 1963, assassinated at the age of 46. John Fitzgerald Kennedy was born on May 29th, 1917 in Brookline, Massachusetts, the second son of nine children of the wealthy Roman CatholicRead MoreEssay Jfk Informative Speech Outline869 Words   |  4 Pagesinformation on President John F. Kennedy. The speech will provide a history of President Kennedy’s life, the memorable points of his presidency and why he is an inspiration. Specific Purpose: To share with them his early life, his political career, his load of presidency, his tragic death, and his inspiration. Thesis Statement: President Kennedy proved to be one of the most remembered Presidents of America and inspires everyone, especially me. Preview statement: President John F. Kennedy has beenRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy Assassination1618 Words   |  7 PagesJohn F. Kennedy Assassination Was John F. Kennedy’s assassination a single shooter or was it a conspiracy? Since November 22, 1963 people around the world have wondered who it was that shot President Kennedy, and what for. So many questions have formed around this event, not just about who the shooter was, but also questions like what might the world have been like today if the shooting didn’t happen? The Kennedy assassination has been a mystery for many years. A lot of people hear about the differentRead MoreJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy Essay1555 Words   |  7 PagesJFK John Fitzgerald Kennedy (Jack) was born in Brooklyn Massachusetts on May 29, 1917, to Joseph Kennedy and Rose Fitzgerald, who were the children of Patrick Kennedy and John Fitzgerald (Honey Fitz), whose parents both emigrated from Ireland in 1858. Honey Fitz was governor of Boston and served on the House of Representatives. Both men were influential in politics. Joseph and Rose Kennedy had nine children: Joseph Jr., John, Rosemary, Kathleen, Eunice, Patricia, RobertRead Moreâ€Å"And So My Fellow Americans, Ask Not What Your Country1741 Words   |  7 Pagesis now remembered in today s time is because of John F. Kennedy, one of the most iconic presidents ever, in his presidency and his life, achieved many accomplishments. Early Life Throughout high school history classes, we have discussed many of the past presidents who have had major impacts on America and how they have shaped this country today: John F. Kennedy represents one of those influential presidents. Before his presidency, John Fitzgerald Kennedy’s legacy began back with his parents. HisRead MoreJfk Assassination Research Paper1102 Words   |  5 PagesRaven Wing April 3, 2013 JFK Assassination On November 29, 1963, our 35th President of the United States, John Fitzgerald Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas. A young and vigorous leader who was a victim of the fourth Presidential assassination in the history of a country. This assassination was known as a world tragedy, and a great lost to our nation. Many conspiracies were formed while the investigation of his assassinationRead MoreThe Speech Preparation of J.F.K. Essay1278 Words   |  6 PagesThe Speech Preparation of J.F.K. From the first moments of his presidency, John F. Kennedy evoked a strong sense of security and spirit of idealism in the American public. He reassured the citizens of their nations strengths, and by declaring one of historys most famous questions, inspired them to better serve their country. The charismatic, young president dazzled the world not only with his physical poise and eloquence, but also with his simple, yet intense, use of rhetoric and voice

The Expansion Of The United States - 1246 Words

For states all through the nation in the not so distant future, there s a typical topic: an atmosphere of instability coupled with a feeling of veritable open door. In the midst of stresses over the national government s disappointment to help financing for framework, numerous states are making moves to create that subsidizing all alone. Congress appears to have stalled—once more in its endeavors to change the movement framework, however states are sanctioning bills intended to give new rights to some of their undocumented inhabitants. Also after a period in which advanced education projects confronted sensational cuts, states are returning cash to those projects some of them more productively than previously. Here are 10 major issues†¦show more content†¦Among the expresses that could vote on a Medicaid extension are Idaho, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Utah, Virginia, Wyoming and Tennessee, where Gov. Bill Haslam has likened finding an acceptable way to expand to â₠¬Å"trying to thread a needle from 80 yards.† In numerous statehouses in 2014, extension will be examined close by modifications in how Medicaid is conveyed and got too. There could likewise be suggestions to cover all the more low-salary populaces without extending Medicaid, as Oklahoma and Indiana have done. Anyway the thought of fitting Medicaid to needs and political flow inside individual states is as old as Medicaid itself. â€Å"No two Medicaid programs have ever been the same, and it would not surprise me if we saw innovation on that front, not just in expansion but whatever their needs may be,† says Melissa Hansen, a health policy analyst at the National Conference of State Legislatures. President Obama s push to raise the government the lowest pay permitted by law to $9 every hour is going no place, yet this could expand the weight on states and territories to make a move. Prodded by government stalemate, financial patterns and open feeling, a few states will consider increments in 2014. Furthermore

Lesson 6 Free Essays

Key Question 6 a) The opening Act of King Lear evidently portrays Lear’s downward movement as it coincides with Aristotle’s structure of Greek tragedy. The play begins with Lear, a hero of noble birth and ruler of Britain, in an ordered society soon to be disrupted by a fatal flaw that is the result of his excessive pride. His journey from the ordered to the disordered world becomes apparent after he hands his land over to his two elder daughters and banishes his youngest daughter Cordelia from the kingdom. We will write a custom essay sample on Lesson 6 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The initial situation began when Lear asks Cordelia, â€Å"What can you say to draw / A third more opulent than your sisters? † (I i 87-88), in which she answers â€Å"Nothing, my lord† (I i 89). This demonstrates Lear’s arrogance and triggers the rash decision he makes that would greatly impact the tragic events that follow. At the end of the scene, his two elder daughters immediately work to conspire against him so that he would be left with no power at all. Goneril says to Regan that they â€Å"must do something, and i’ th’ heat† (I ii 311). This foreshadows Lear’s impending downward movement and begins the reversal of his fortunes as things go from bad to worse. Lear’s recognition of the truth and the existence of his tragic circumstance becomes slightly clear to him when he wonders whether he has lost his mind and cries out â€Å"O let me not be mad, not mad, sweet heaven! † (I v 46). Act I leaves off at this stage where Lear is about to suffer tremendously before further stages of recognition, retribution, and restitution occur later in the play. ) In Act I of King Lear, references to the principle motifs of nature and the unnatural, sanity/madness, and â€Å"nothing† all reinforce the downward movement of Lear’s perception of his own identity. Lear’s Fool constantly tries to warn him of his mistake in a series of riddles, puns, and songs: â€Å"The hedge-sparrow fed the cuckoo so long / That it had it head bit off by it young† (I iv 221-222). Referencing the nature of animals in that song, the Fool is telling Lear that his two daughters resemble a traitorous â€Å"cuckoo† who betrays the one who raised them. This emphasizes the eventual downward movement of Lear’ perception of his own identity as a father who is so â€Å"loved† by his daughters. When Lear leaves Goneril’s castle and is preparing to visit his other daughter Regan, he prayed to heaven that he would not go crazy: â€Å"O let me not be mad, not mad, sweet heaven! Keep me in temper, I would not be mad! † (I v 46-47). Lear’s fear of going insane from his daughter’s betrayal demonstrates another downward movement of Lear’s perception of his own identity. Also, references to the motif of nothingness occur when the Fool is speaking to Lear in the presence of Kent. The Fool asks Lear, â€Å"Can you make no use of nothing, Nuncle? † (I iv 133-134), in which Lear responds, â€Å"Why, no boy. Nothing can be made out of nothing† (I iv 135-136). This is foreshadowing Lear’s inevitable downfall because he would soon have nothing to make use of since he has chosen to hand all of his formal authority over to his two daughters who do not actually love him. It appears that Lear’s perception of his positive, all-powerful identity is about to lead him into a tragic breakdown in the way the three motifs of nature and the unnatural, sanity/madness, and â€Å"nothing† are referenced throughout the first Act of the play. c) Lear calls upon his three daughters and announces that he intends to divide his kingdom among them, promising the greatest share to the daughter who declares that she loves him the most. Goneril begins with her speech telling Lear that she loves him â€Å"more than words can wield† (I i 57) and Regan makes a request to receive the same value of fortunes as her sister, telling Lear, â€Å"I am made of that same mettle as my sister, / And prize me at her worth. In my true heart / I find she names my very deed of love† (I i 71-73). Both daughters’ speeches, filled with exaggerated flattery and blatant lies, earn each one a generous portion of the kingdom, while Lear decides to banish his youngest daughter Cordelia for not flattering him as the sisters did. As a result, Kent intercepts to warn Lear, â€Å"Reserve thy state, / And in thy best consideration check / This hideous rashness. Answer my life my judgment† (I i 151-153). Kent stakes his life on his opinion that Cordelia is actually the most loyal of the three daughters and begs for Lear to reconsider his rash decision, but he too gets banished by Lear, showing us how Lear is causing his own downward movement due to his excessive pride. Goneril later insults the foolishness of Lear giving away his powers, when she tells Oswald â€Å"let him to my sister, / Whose mind and mine I know in that are one, / Not to be overruled. Idle old man, / That still would manage those authorities / That he hath given away† (I iii 15-19). This shows Lear’s downward movement as Goneril treats him poorly and is certain her sister will treat him the same way. The Fool also reminds Lear of his terrible decision in handing his fortunes over to his daughters. When Lear begins to realize his own mistake, the Fool tells him in a riddle that a snail has a house â€Å"to put ‘s head in; not to give it away to his daughters, and leave his horns without a case† (I v 31-32). All of these situations demonstrate the inevitable downfall of the noble King Lear as his two daughters conspire to strip him of all his remaining power and fortunes. Key Question 9 In an ordered society, both justice and mercy are fundamental. However, in many circumstances they cannot be simultaneously applied. On its own, justice is more essential than mercy in order to maintain a civilized society. With a system of justice, we could prevent future crimes from taking place, maintain people’s rights and freedom, as well as prevent society from plunging into a state of destruction. With a justice system in place we could take preventive measures against future crimes and laws being broken. If people are punished for the crimes they commit, there would be fewer crimes and less mayhem in the world. People who demonstrate no mecy or remorse for the harm they inflict upon others deserve to be punished, otherwise they will continue their wrongdoings. In Act IV of King Lear, when Cornwall dies from the injuries inflicted by the servant during Gloucester’s blinding, Albany interprets his death as divine retribution. He cries out â€Å"This shows you are above, / You justicers, that these our nether crimes / So speedily can venge† (Iv ii 79-80). Since Cornwall has been punished for blinding Gloucester he can no longer harm other characters. Cornwall carried on with his evil intentions until he received his punishment (his own death) which finally put an end to his actions. Society requires a justice system in order to maintain people’s rights, freedom, and equality. In the play, Edgar, Cordelia, and Kent are three characters who have been treated unfairly and were left with no opportunity o prove themselves innocent. Cordelia is fortunate to have her own freedom after leaving the kingdom and marrying the Duke of France. However, Edgar and Kent were left to fend for themselves in order to survive and be accepted by others. When Edgar runs into his father Gloucester, he cries, â€Å"Who is ‘t can say ‘I am at the worst? ’ / I am worse than e’er I was† (Iv i 24-26). Edgar, who must disguise himself as â€Å"poor mad Tom† (IV i 27) in order to be accepted, considers the condition he is in as being the worst ever, compared to anyone else. These characters should be able to stand up for themselves and voice their opinions without being wrongly punished when it is not what other people want to hear. Edgar and Kent are left to suffer from other people’s mistakes because there is no righteousness in the way they were treated. In an ordered society, everyone deserves to have their own freedom of speech and be treated as equal, regardless of their opinions on different matters. Social justice can ensure that every individual receives the same treatment. An all-merciful society would lead the world to a state of ultimate chaos and destruction. Human existence would constantly be threatened by the dangers of society without a proper system of justice. Regan and Goneril continue to pose as a threat towards Lear and those who are on his side. When arguing with his wife, Albany points out that â€Å"If the heavens do not their visible spirits / Send quickly down to tame these vile offenses, / It will come, / Humanity must perforce prey on itself, / Like monsters of the deep. (iv ii 46-49). Albany implies that if the gods do not quickly bring justice everyone will eventually turn against each other, so without someone serving justice to all the evil people, humanity would be threatened by our own human race. Justice would prevail over mercy. In order to maintain a civilized society, people should receive proper punishment and suffer the consequences for their crimes so that we can prevent further crimes in the world, promote freedom and equality, and prevent tyranny in the world. If the Lear universe had a system of justice in place much like in our world today, many of the events leading to the tragic ending could have been avoided. Justice, in all aspects, makes a better resolution than mercy and will continue to serve to make society safe and secure. Works Cited Shakespeare, William. King Lear. Toronto: Signet Classic Shakespeare, 1998. Well expressed but a bit overstated! Justice involves more than punishment so the concept of justice that you were working from is skewed. 45/50 How to cite Lesson 6, Essay examples

The Portfolio About The Cultural Change

Question: Explain The Portfolio about the cultural change. Answer: Introduction The portfolio is concerned about the cultural and change aspects of the concerned organization. In this case, the concerned organization is Boots UK, the company works in partnership with those entrepreneurs those who provide valuable offers to the company by offering their ground braking concepts (Boots-uk.com 2016). The company also welcomes innovators from all over the world who in turn share their expertise and experience and thereby keeps the company in a profitable condition. As the company works with the external partners and thereby gains the accessibility to various exciting and innovative products and technologies. These products can be licensed and co-developed for meeting the needs of the company. This also helps the organization to flourish in the excessively competitive market. The organization adopts a number of strategies to cope up with the ever-increasing competitiveness in the market (Boots-uk.com 2016). The first and foremost strategy adopted by the company is the inventive strategy. Under inventive strategy, Boots UK increases its number of products and expands its business in new markets through the existing or new businesses of the company (Alliance Boots 2016). This can be explained with the help of the following Ansoffs matrix, Products Markets New Existing Existing Penetrating the market New products New Expanding the existing market Diversification Figure 1: Ansoffs matrix (Source: Lozano 2012) Another strategy is renovative strategy; it states that under this strategy an organization keeps on doing what it is doing currently. Moreover, it follows the existing strategy rather than making any strategic reform. Boots UK also follows incremental strategy. It is believed that by following this strategy is impossible to accomplish in an effective and efficient manner because the strategic problems are complicated and are changing continuously (Teece 2012). Therefore, it is essential for the strategy to be incremental or adaptive; this will in turn help the organization to adapt to the changes occurring inside as well as outside the organization. Change within the organization will lead to a change in this strategic framework as well as the organizational culture. Therefore, it is essential for Boots UK to identify the current strategic framework and the organizational culture along with the needs to implement changes so that the existing framework and policy could be redesigned or changed for increasing the profitability of the organization (Jiang et al. 2012). Overview of change and change management: According to Bloom et al. (2013), change plays a very important role in the context of industrial practices. However, the term change has not been defined yet in a widely accepted way. The appropriateness of organizational change management and cultural practices depend upon how the developed theories are fitted with the practice and vice versa. Author sums up these arguments in an efficient manner, such as, Theory is defined as the genre where everything is known and nothing works Practice is the genre where everything works However, the reason is unknown, Here theory and practices are combined and where theory and practices is combined nothing works at all and nobody knows the reason behind. In a situation like this, it is quite unlikely that a single change model will fit perfectly to the situation. Hence, there is a scope to develop a more efficient model of change. Therefore, there is a dire need to move away from static models to a dynamic one, which stresses more on the dynamics of change rather than the contents and substances of change (Gioia et al. 2013). Changes, which are generally small and simple, are characterized as hard problems and these changes are managed by day-to-day operational management activities (Nica 2013). These specific types of changes are not referred to as the changes made by managers and the management process of these changes are not termed as the change management. Managers on the other hand will have to consider a number of factors, which are dynamic as well as complex in nature. These factors should be considered before making any management decisions (Lozano 2012). If these factors are considered it will affect he efficiency, efficacy as well as effectiveness of the change process and thereby ensure the sustainability of the organization. A social process necessitating responsibilities associated with effective organizational planning and regulation for establishing the efficient operability of the enterprise. For the fulfillment of the purposes the process must include, Proper judgment and decision-making capability for designing plans and making use of available data for evaluation the progress of the plan The dedication, guidance and motivation of the person constituting the organization and thereby establishing its operability As pointed out by author, the four key elements of management are planning, coordination, control and motivation. However, according to author, organizing, planning, coordinating, commanding and controlling are the five main functions associated with effective management. While discharging their duty efficiently and well as in an effective manner managers are faced with a number of changes regularly (Klein et al. 2012). Therefore, it is essential to determine the difference between management and change management. Change can be characterized as the process of making things different. However, this thing needs mentioning actual and perceived changes explicitly. Therefore, organizational change management is defined as the path and procedure involved in the transformation of an organization (Stahl et al. 2012). However, the human resource management personnel defines change management as, the efficient and methodical approach and application of knowledge, resources and tools for dealing with changes within the organization (Inkson et al. 2012). According to these personnel, change management depicts explaining and adopting corporate strategies, procedures, structures and technologies and thereby dealing with the changes in the external conditions as well as the environment of the business. Hence, change management or managing the organizational or cultural change is simply a management control structure established with the help of applying effective management interventions that incorporates people for achieving a desired state along with predefined outcomes of performance in accordance with the strategy of the organization (O'Reilly and Tushman 2013). Concept of Organizational Change and change management: In order to shed light on the concept of organizational change and managing the change it is necessary to gain sufficient knowledge about the different types of change prevalent in any organization (Ki et al. 2015). A number of models have been developed for considering these various types of organizational changes. Therefore, to gain a broader insight about the concerned topic, the level of change, size and scope of change, momentum of the change and the nature of change will be considered in this section of the portfolio (Schaltegger et al. 2012). Level of Organizational Change: According to Robbins et al. (2013), there are mainly three stages of changes in an organization. The first among them is the organizational specific change. Then comes the generic organization based change programmes like business process engineering and then finally or the third factor in the generic multi organizational change programmes, such as mergers and acquisitions. The scope and size of change: Child (2005) designed an useful model for differentiating between scope of change and type of change (Avolio and Yammarino 2013), This model is known as the Childs model of organizational change, Approaches toward organizational change Planned Emergent Entire Organization Radical BPR Organic development (Developing startup company) Departmental merger Implementing changes in the selection process of new members as made by the teams Partial Organization Incremental Annually targeted improvements Learning in the organization Entire Organization Changes associated on the performance plans of staff Improving continuously with the help of project teams Partial Organization Figure 1: Childs Model of Organizational Change (Source: Avolio and Yammarino 2013) While using this model it should also be kept in mind that it is easy to define radical and incremental change and these kinds of changes can be measured as well. Often the perceived scale of change may be more important than that of the actual scale of change. These changes are observable in Boots UK; the organization evidently went through these types of changes. However, now it is necessary to determine the current situation of the organization in the competitive market and thereby implement organizational change programme accordingly (Garca-Morales et al. 2012). Nature of Change: Planned or Unplanned: In the case of organizational change it is normally assumed that all the changes in the organization are planned and rational along with this it also possesses efficient control over all the processes and resources. However, according to Rafferty et al. (2013), there may arise situations when a less planned but logical method can be adopted. Another argument, which is considered as parallel to this approach, is adopting an organic approach towards change against an expected mechanistic approach. It is also expected that if changes emerge, then as per one approach the management of the organization will throw a symbolical grenade over the organization and watch what will happen (Rglinger et al. 2012). For example, it can be seen in the context of Boots UK that, the organization once had set about the rumor mongering around restructuring and job cuts. Therefore, notifying the employees about job cuts and also informs the employees formally about the fact that all jobs have been red circled and they are required to apply for new positions (Battilana and Casciaro 2012). During this time period the communication with the management is kept low deliberately. Then the management watched what happened after a period of time. Hence it is observed that the employees automatically adapted to the changed work environment without the intervention of management. Nature of the change: (Hard/ Soft change): The hard elements of change are characterized as the tasks within change management, which are defined and measurable. On the other hand, the soft factors are the motivation and culture (Haslam et al. 2014). These soft factors are quite more difficult to evaluate. Therefore, the focus of Boots UK should be concentrated on the task management factors associated with the soft factors during the interventions of change. According to Symon and Cassell (2012), there are four hard factors, which are correlated with outcome of intervention of changes. These factors are time duration, dependence on the managers, commitment and dedication of the employees and the effort exerted by the employees (Galliers and Leidner 2014). The momentum of change: Magnitude and Speed Momentum of change is the combination of sped and magnitude associated with the change. This is a crucial concept in assessing the characteristics of various types of change. It has been observed previously that it is not easy to predict the momentum of change, however t can be anticipated (Hayes 2014). Interventions for managing changes may be considered from the available options. The following model depicts the momentum of change model, Magnitude of Change Planned Large Change Slow Change Big Bang Large Change Fast Change Smooth Small Change Slow Change Bumpy Small Change Fast Change Figure 2: Model of momentum of change (Source: Haslam et al. 2014) The model above depicts momentum of change based on two key variables magnitude of change and speed of change. In the chart above, the smooth and bumpy changes are categorized as small changes relative to the others (Benn et al. 2014). These changes differ in the speed of it implementation. Smooth changes generally occur over a longer period of time compared to the latter. Smooth changes occur in a small set of steps and sometimes pointed out as incremental and are rarely noticeable in the daily business of an organization. The example of such changes is minor changes in the policy structure (Fugate et al. 2012). On the other hand, bumpy changes are easily noticeable as these changes are fast and for this these changes requires quick response on the part of the managers as well as the employees who are dealing with this change (Cummings and Worley 2014). The example of these types of changes would be the organization going through crisis and needs significant amount of investment. Rationale behind implementing the organizational change process in Boots UK Now, in this section it will be discussed why the organization needs to implement change. The changes within an organization are determined by a number of push and pull factors. Sometimes organizations are faced with choices between they are forced to change or they are willing to change (Bootà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Handford and Smyth 2013). In some cases, the organizations are forced to change because of some legal factors. In the case of Boots UK the needs and rationale for implementing change is necessary to determine. This will help the company to find out the actual trigger for change. In order to determine the strategic change in the Boots UK a number of factors are identified which may act as the trigger for initiating change, The company faces challenges regarding growth, especially in the global market The recent economic downturn and complicated condition for trading Strategic reform Technological redesigning Competitive pressures including mergers and acquisition Pressure for learning various organizational skills and behaviors Legislative and government initiatives According to Beirne (2013), it is necessary to understand change in the context of a changing organization. This puts a number of simultaneous adaptive pressure on the employees. Boots UK decided to implement changes based on the external drivers as well as the internal drivers. In order to examine the external drivers for change in Bots UK, PESTLE analysis can be used. The PESTLE analysis is used shed light on the political, economic, sociological, technological, legal and environmental framework that can affect the strategic as well as cultural change in the organization. Implementing PESTLE analysis on Alliance Boots GmbH UK, the PESTLE analysis is based solely on the study conducted by Leal-Rodrguez et al. (2015). Political factors: The recent government policy of drug pricing is the key political factor that affects the Boots UK. There are occurrence of parallel import as well as attitude to grey market Presently monopoly investigations are taking place at national level as well as the European Union level, associated with the perfume distribution. Economic factors: During the time of recession the demand for customers with prescription remains the same The demand for products of the company which are generally used as gift giving items is affected during recession Social factors: The pressure of fashion and lifestyle acts as an important stimulus for increasing r decreasing the demand for beauty products The involvement of media in encouraging preventive medicines is acting as a stimulus in the market. As the travel activity is increasing it is also increasing the demand for travel elated products, such as sun cream etc. Technological factors: An increasing trend of online buying is compelling the organizations to change the technological framework for supporting the buyers with improved buying experience. Environmental factors: Some environmental factors are also impacting on the company externally, such s the packaging issue that is affecting the environment adversely The environmental and ethical market initiated niche retailers such as the body shop; these are now emerging in the main stream market as well. Legal factors: It is necessary for the company to follow proper legal framework and guidelines strictly, such as the labor law and employee safety act. It is also important to increase spending on research and development. This PESTEL analysis provides a very efficient and useful analytical framework for analyzing the external factors that play significant role in shaping up the external environment of the organization. When PESTLE analysis is combined with SWOT analysis, an evidence-based approach helps in designing the strategic decisions (Moore 2012). The SWOT analysis mainly classifies the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The factors identified in the PESTLE analysis can be used in this framework as the strengths and weaknesses and these are broadly the internal factors of the organizations, which can be used against the external organizational factors such as opportunities and threats. In this looking-out and looking-in, approach provides an internal-external organizational analysis and helps in the strategic management process if carried out in an efficient and purposeful manner (Moore 2012). SWOT analysis of Alliance Boots GmbH, UK: The SWOT analysis is also an analytical tool that tests the internal as well as external factors affecting the organization. Strengths: The key strength of the company is that it possesses a strong distribution network of the pharmaceutical products. Strong marketing as well as rebranding strategies that helps to gain competitive advantage. The wide range of products helps the company to improve its business Weaknesses: The market is concentrated specifically and this is increasing the risk factors Opportunities: Developing partnership with other organizations will improve the market positioning of the organization Again growth in different geographical locations will help the organization to improve its global reach Collaborating with Welgreen made the country able to become the first global wellbeing industry led by global pharmacy. Threats: Increased competition in the market may decrease the profit margins of the company Stringent rules and regulations within the organization is another potential threat before the company. Based on the SWOT and PESTLE framework taken together it can be seen that though Alliance Boots UK is in a good shape and situation it also faces a number of difficulties. Again, in order to flourish in the increasingly competitive market it is also required for the Boots UK to implement certain changes in its partnership policy, employment and retention policy and in some other sectors as well (Alliance Boots 2016). In order to cope up with the competition the company can also adopt certain unique strategies. These strategies may include development of high-end products and which is also differentiated from the existing products in the market. Expectedly, this advanced change in the strategic framework will help the organization to flourish in near future. This is in the context of external analysis, in order to find out the rationale behind implementing change it is also necessary to take into account the analysis of internal drivers as well (Alliance Boots 2016). A number of internal factors such as the leadership techniques, human resource management policies, structural framework, business plan along with job structure etc. determine the structural change implementation in the organization. Models of Organizational Change: The most popular model for change management is the Lewins three-phase model. This model is the most widely used model for managing the changes within the organization. The three stages for managing changes are unfreezing, movement and refreezing. At the unfreezing stage resistance towards change is lowered for recognizing and accepting the need of change (Leal-Rodrguez et al. 2015). In the next stage that is movement stage; new attitudes are developed for encouraging the behaviors which are essential for the occurrence of change. In the last stage, that is in the refreezing stage the organization performs stabilizing, supporting and reinforcing activities for helping the new changed conditions. This model depicts a systematic approach towards management of change by describing a sequence if processes which are well defined. The model is based on the context that by identifying and understanding the key steps involved in the process of change; the likelihood of occurrence of change management is increased (Leal-Rodrguez et al. 2015). Managers do this by making improved and enhanced decision and determine which interventions should be used for the effective management of change. The developer of this model also gave rise to force field analysis technique for determining the forces for and against change. At different points of time there are a number of forces that will act for the change and some factors will act against the change (Teece 2012). When the sum the factors acting for and against the changes are equal then these forces cancel each other. Hence, when the forces driving changes are greater than that of the forces which are against changes, change will take place and the organization will move to a newer place. In the case of Boots UK the forces acting for driving the changes, such as changing the human resource practices, increasing competitiveness of the market and partnership policies are greater than that of the forces acting against the changes such as the current policies of the organization, success in the present market, and increase in the current market share. As the force acting in favor of change is greater, hence, change will take place and the organization will be at a new place (Beirne 2013). Therefore, as per this model in the first stage Boots UK will determine the initial problems within and outside the organization (Beirne 2013). That is the issues with external environment of the company along with the internal policy and strategies of the organization. Then the organization will collect data regarding these issues and try to diagnose the problems. In the movement stage, the organization will perform an action planning in accordance with the diagnosed problems and implement this action plan (Lozano 2012). Then the effectiveness of these strategies will be verified. Then at the last stage, assessment of these strategies will be done and the organization will be able to learn from the process as well. Challenges of implementing organizational change: While implementing the change programme the organization were faced with a number of difficulties. At first, the behavior of the employees became a prior challenge as acceptability of the employees towards change is a prior challenge (Lozano 2012). On the other hand, the efficacy of the company while implementing the change program is another crucial factor that should be taken into account (Nica 2013). The organization should be concerned about the environment of applicability of these changes. Again, another challenge faced by Boots UK while implementing the change programme is the readiness of the targeted customers of the company. Moreover, whenever a change is implemented the experience of a year old employee becomes obsolete, therefore, it is quite evident that they will also oppose change implementation. End result of cultural change in Boots UK In the context of end results it is observed that the implementation of appropriate strategies gave rise to the successful outcome of the Boots UK. The company is a leading pharmaceutical company in United Kingdom. The initial objectives of the change implementation programme have been met (Boots-uk.com 2016). With the help of this programme a number of operational improvements have been implemented. A number of great results have also been obtained by implementing the strategic change programme. It is found that the engagement scores of the employees increased significantly at each site. The service delivery process has been improved significantly with the help of implementing this process and the delivery processes at the stores have also been improved. The retention rate of the employees has also been increased and this have used the supervisors as the key resources (Boots-uk.com 2016). It has made the organization to become able to make it sure to deliver the necessary intangible resources. Conclusion: In order to conclude it can be said that the portfolio has met all the requirements as stated in the question quite evidently. In order to conduct the assignment a rigorous review of literature has been conducted in this regard. With the help of the knowledge gained by this literature review answers have been provided to the questions. The Boots UK a leading pharmaceutical manufacturing farm had been planning to implement change process. Throughout the study the overview of the change process, needs and structure of the change process have been stated. It also takes into account the rationale of implementation of change process in the concerned organization. Thereby, the challenges faced by the organization as well as the result of implementing these changes have been stated efficiently. As concluding remark, it can also be said that though the position of the Boots UK is quite good and the company is in a god shape and condition, however it will also need to implement change program me to flourish in the competitive market in near future. Because implementing change has become an inevitable factor in the present era of competitive market. Reference List: Alliance Boots, 2016. Alliance Boots Annual Report 2013/14 - Disclaimer. [online] Annualreport2013-14.allianceboots.com. Available at: https://annualreport2013-14.allianceboots.com/ [Accessed 17 Jun. 2016]. Avolio, B.J. and Yammarino, F.J. eds., 2013. Transformational and charismatic leadership: The road ahead. Emerald Group Publishing. Battilana, J. and Casciaro, T., 2012. Change agents, networks, and institutions: A contingency theory of organizational change. Academy of Management Journal, 55(2), pp.381-398. Beirne, M., 2013. Interpretations of management and modernisation at the UK Royal Mail: shifting boundaries and patterns of resistance?. New Technology, Work and Employment, 28(2), pp.116-129. Benn, S., Dunphy, D. and Griffiths, A., 2014. Organizational change for corporate sustainability. Routledge. Bloom, N., Genakos, C., Sadun, R. and Van Reenen, J., 2012. Management practices across firms and countries. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 26(1), pp.12-33. Bootà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Handford, N. and Smyth, H., 2013, June. The interplay of emotional intelligence and trust in project relationships. In 7th Nordic Conference on Construction Economics and Organization (Vol. 2013). Akademika forlag. Boots-uk.com. 2016. Boots UK - Welcome to Boots UK. [online] Available at: https://www.boots-uk.com/ [Accessed 17 Jun. 2016]. Cummings, T. and Worley, C., 2014. Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Fugate, M., Prussia, G.E. and Kinicki, A.J., 2012. Managing employee withdrawal during organizational change the role of threat appraisal. Journal of Management, 38(3), pp.890-914. Galliers, R.D. and Leidner, D.E., 2014. Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge. Garca-Morales, V.J., Jimnez-Barrionuevo, M.M. and Gutirrez-Gutirrez, L., 2012. Transformational leadership influence on organizational performance through organizational learning and innovation. Journal of Business Research, 65(7), pp.1040-1050. Gioia, D.A., Corley, K.G. and Hamilton, A.L., 2013. Seeking qualitative rigor in inductive research notes on the Gioia methodology. Organizational Research Methods, 16(1), pp.15-31. Haslam, S.A., van Knippenberg, D., Platow, M.J. and Ellemers, N. eds., 2014. Social identity at work: Developing theory for organizational practice. Psychology Press. Hayes, J., 2014. The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Inkson, K., Gunz, H., Ganesh, S. and Roper, J., 2012. Boundaryless careers: Bringing back boundaries. Organization Studies, 33(3), pp.323-340. Jiang, K., Lepak, D.P., Hu, J. and Baer, J.C., 2012. How does human resource management influence organizational outcomes? A meta-analytic investigation of mediating mechanisms. Academy of management Journal, 55(6), pp.1264-1294. Ki, E.J., Kim, J.N. and Ledingham, J.A. eds., 2015. Public relations as relationship management: A relational approach to the study and practice of public relations. Routledge. Klein, H.J., Becker, T.E. and Meyer, J.P. eds., 2012. Commitment in organizations: Accumulated wisdom and new directions. Routledge. Leal-Rodrguez, A.L., Eldridge, S., Roldn, J.L., Leal-Milln, A.G. and Ortega-Gutirrez, J., 2015. Organizational unlearning, innovation outcomes, and performance: The moderating effect of firm size. Journal of Business Research, 68(4), pp.803-809. Lozano, R., 2012. Towards better embedding sustainability into companies systems: an analysis of voluntary corporate initiatives. Journal of Cleaner Production, 25, pp.14-26. Lozano, R., 2012. Towards better embedding sustainability into companies systems: an analysis of voluntary corporate initiatives. Journal of Cleaner Production, 25, pp.14-26. Moore, G., 2012. Virtue in business: Alliance boots and an empirical exploration of MacIntyres conceptual framework. Organization Studies, 33(3), pp.363-387. Nica, E., 2013. Organizational culture in the public sector. Economics, Management and Financial Markets, 8(2), p.179. O'Reilly, C.A. and Tushman, M.L., 2013. Organizational ambidexterity: Past, present, and future. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 27(4), pp.324-338. Rafferty, A.E., Jimmieson, N.L. and Armenakis, A.A., 2013. Change readiness a multilevel review. Journal of Management, 39(1), pp.110-135. Robbins, S., Judge, T.A., Millett, B. and Boyle, M., 2013. Organisational behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU. Rglinger, M., Pppelbu, J. and Becker, J., 2012. Maturity models in business process management. Business Process Management Journal, 18(2), pp.328-346. Schaltegger, S., Ldeke-Freund, F. and Hansen, E.G., 2012. Business cases for sustainability: the role of business model innovation for corporate sustainability. International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development, 6(2), pp.95-119. Stahl, G.K., Bj, I. and Morris, S. eds., 2012. Handbook of research in international human resource management. Edward Elgar Publishing. Symon, G. and Cassell, C. eds., 2012. Qualitative organizational research: core methods and current challenges. Sage. Teece, D.J., 2012. Dynamic capabilities: Routines versus entrepreneurial action. Journal of Management Studies, 49(8), pp.1395-1401.

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz free essay sample

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646- 1716) Born: 1-Jul-1646 Birthplace: Leipzig, Germany Died: 14-Nov-1716 Location of death: Hannover, Hanover, Germany Cause of death: unspecified Remains: Buried, Die Neustadter Kirche, Hanover, Germany Gender: Male Religion: Lutheran Race or Ethnicity: White Sexual orientation: Straight Occupation: Mathematician, Philosopher Nationality: Germany Executive summary: Co-Inventor of calculus Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (sometimes von Leibniz) (July 1, 1646 November 14, 1716) was a German mathematician and philosopher. He wrote primarily in Latin and French Gottfried Leibniz was born on July 1, 1646 in Leipzig, Saxony, to Friedrich Leibniz and Catherina Schmuck. Leibnizs father, who was of Sorbian ancestry, died when he was six years old, and from that point on, he was raised by his mother. Her teachings influenced Leibnizs philosophical thoughts in his later life. Philosopher Leibnizs philosophical thinking appears fragmented, because his philosophical writings consist mainly of a multitude of short pieces: journal articles, manuscripts published long after his death, and many letters to many correspondents. We will write a custom essay sample on Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He wrote only two philosophical treatises, of which only the Theodicee of 1710 was published in his lifetime. Leibniz dated his beginning as a philosopher to his Discourse on Metaphysics, which he composed in 1686 as a commentary on a running dispute between Nicolas Malebranche and Antoine Arnauld. This led to an extensive and valuable correspondence with Arnauld; it and the Discourse were not published until the 19th century. In 1695, Leibniz made his public entree into European philosophy with a journal article titled New System of the Nature and Communication of Substances. Between 1695 and 1705, he composed his New Essays on Human Understanding, a lengthy commentary on John Lockes 1690 An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, but upon learning of Lockes 1704 death, lost the desire to publish it, so that the New Essays were not published until 1765. The Monadologie, composed in 1714 and published posthumously, consists of 90 aphorisms. The Principles Leibniz variously invoked one or another of seven fundamental philosophical Principles: * Identity/contradiction. If a proposition is true, then its negation is false and vice versa. Identity of indiscernibles. Two things are identical if and only if they share the same and only the same properties. Frequently invoked in modern logic and philosophy. The identity of indiscernibles is often referred to as Leibnizs Law. It has attracted the most controversy and criticism, especially from corpuscular philosophy and quantum mechanics. * Sufficient reason. There must be a sufficient reason [often known only to Go d] for anything to exist, for any event to occur, for any truth to obtain. * Pre-established harmony. [T]he appropriate nature of each substance brings it about that what happens to one corresponds to what happens to all the others, without, however, their acting upon one another directly. (Discourse on Metaphysics, XIV) A dropped glass shatters because it knows it has hit the ground, and not because the impact with the ground compels the glass to split. * Continuity. Natura non saltum facit. A mathematical analog to this principle would proceed as follows: if a function describes a transformation of something to which continuity applies, then its domain and range are both dense sets. * Optimism. God assuredly always chooses the best. * Plenitude. Leibniz believed that the best of all possible worlds would actualize every genuine possibility, and argued in Theodicee that this best of all possible worlds will contain all possibilities, with our finite experience of eternity giving no reason to dispute natures perfection. Leibnizs Contributions To Philosophy: Leibniz is known among philosophers for his wide range of thought about fundamental philosophical ideas and principles, including truth, necessary and contingent truths, possible worlds, the principle of sufficient reason (i. . , that nothing occurs without a reason), the principle of pre-established harmony (i. e. , that God constructed the universe in such a way that corresponding mental and physical events occur simultaneously), and the principle of noncontradiction (i. e. , that any proposition from which a contradiction can be derived is false). Leibniz had a lifelong interest in and pursuit of the idea that the principles of reasoning could be reduced to a formal symbolic system, an algebra or calculus of thought, in which controversy would be settled by calculations.

paedophilia in the church essays

paedophilia in the church essays Paedophilia has risen to epidemic proportions in Australia. Although there is no hard empirical evidence, the enormous surge of recent attention on the abuse of children by priests suggests that there is an even bigger endemic in the Australian church. The psychological damage to victims of child sexual assault are great. Psychological disorders in victims are common including sexual disorders, bipolar disorder, manic depression and depression; distressing conditions which may ultimately lead to suicide. Victims also may become perpetrators and continue the cycle. (Morrison, 1995; Johnson, 1988, Tomeo et al, 2001, Widom, 1995; Bickley and Beech, 2001). Thus, the question of how any such criminal, morally reprehensible and pathological acts as paedophilia can find a place in the lives of men so trusted, well-educated, committed to a life of good works and presumably guided by God is an important one and one of which has been the subject of much debate. This question has given rise to many theories which come under two main headings - features of the church that attract paedophiles to the priesthood and features of the church that are moulding or creating paedophiles. The first includes: the accessibility of children and acquisition of trust, disguise offered through priesthood, endowment of power to priests, the tradition of secrecy, celibacy and repentance. The second includes: Celibacy, power and narcissism and seminary school studies, Each will be discussed individually followed by a more detailed discussion of the most highly controversial argument concerning the contribution of homosexuality in the church to the paedophile crisis. It is believed by some that there is a disproportionate number - on the high side, of homosexuals in the church and this is the root of the paedophile crisis. Obviously there are many more factors that may be involved however only the main factors are covered. The validity of each theory wi.. .

Bank of America Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Bank of America - Research Paper Example It trades across various asset categories to companies, governments, organizations, and people in the globe and it company more than 150 countries of the globe. This essay seeks to analyze the talent management program that leads to the organizations success, the strengths of the program. It will analyze how they lead to achievement and opportunities for improvement. In addition, the essay will also create two effective approaches to meet the talent management challenges in the future. The talent management program used for the bank’s success was the use executive on-boarding approach. The bank accommodates international and local executives every year. This program is designed to help new executives learn to be facile in navigating the bank’s large matrixes organization. It also helps them in building and leveraging networks of relationships for career success and implementing the company initiatives. The bank utilized a multifaceted approach to establish at the execut ive level and the managements support to the development program of leadership. The development of the bank leadership executive activities include management, selection, on-boarding, performance, executive talent upgrading process, process of experiences development and compensation. The organizations culture promoted by Lewis encourages conduct, trust, teamwork, and accountability at all management levels. The company deeply emphasizes individual performance and believes that today’s performer is not necessarily tomorrow’s performer. To develop an effective on-board program, the firm has created a program that is categorized in to four phases, which includes the selection phase of the program. The company does not only use expertise and experience to select executives but also leadership ability and cultural fit. An executive lacking leadership and interpersonal skills as well as cultural sensitivity is perceived to cause derailments, (Bank of America, 1994). To elim inate this, the company uses partnerships with executive search firms to get the ideal candidates for the positions. The people in the recruitment position must have an understanding of culture and leadership requirement of the bank when called upon to do an executive level research. Job design is also another consideration made in the selection phase, whereby the stakeholders are given clear job specifications before they are given a mandate to conduct the executive research. This allows the hiring executive not to make a blind selection of the new employees. Additionally, the LD partner is vital to the selection phase as he serves as the main talent officer in the process of recruiting and on-boarding. This individual usually has between ten to fifteen years of experience and with a leadership or organizational development background. This experience gives them an increased level of credibility in the eyes of the executive and the stakeholders. After executives have been selected, this is the entry phase and the most critical weeks on a job are the initial weeks on hiring. The new executive is expected to accomplish dour vital outcomes; develop business acumen, learn organizational culture, master the roles of leadership demands and build critical organization relationships. The new executive must be able to learn customer and financial information in regards to his/her new roles. He /he must also set realistic goals

Gun Control or any other interesting philosophical topic., i don't Essay

Gun Control or any other interesting philosophical topic., i don't mind - Essay Example Such essential rights allow the citizen of United States as the independent citizen without any control. The expression â€Å"gun control† has different meanings for different citizens and there are some counter laws have opposed the condition for the last many years that gives protection to firearms. Under the gun control, it involves the rules and regulations developed by the government that bounds the right of the a gun users in order to buy, carry or operate the firearm in order to eradicate the negativities of the gun owning in the form of robbery, theft, abduction, murder and other criminal activities. This right limitation matches the Kant’s model that explains that the morality of the action depended upon the intention of the individual and not on the consequence of that act (Tampio 68). The issue under question is the limiting of the citizen’s right to carry the arms will not match the interest of everyone. For the gun control matter, there are two major groups that have opposite believes and includes individual rights and utilitarianism. Both the theories cannot exist at one time and it is completely against the utilitarianism to grant the full rights to the citizen to own and freely use the gun and ammunitions. By using this theory, the government derived the gun control rule that is in violation to the complete freedom and human rights of the citizen. However, from the constitution point of view, it is absolutely lawful to regulate firearms but on the ethical grounds, it is not right. The second amendment has the term â€Å"well regulated† that is subjected to many arguments. According to some people, the expression well regulated meant to be the controlling aspect or the ruling aspect from the government perspective. On the other hand, there are other meanings of the phrase which is not acceptable by many individuals. In other words, regulated can be considered as properly operating for the benefits of the country. It is no denial in the fact that reduction in the criminal activities considered as the better option by everyone. Gun lawyers are of the view that it is the possession of the gun that motivated the criminal to do the act and thus, gun has a vital role in the increment of the criminal activities. The said words are the main line for the anti-gun campaign. The debate that guns is used for conducting the crime and possession of guns are harmful based on the immediate function; therefore, it will be in the interest of the nation to outlaw the gun carrying and use. on the contrast, there are certain lawyers like Gary Kleck who is also the professor of criminology in Florida state university presented the statistics that citizens of U.S are protecting themselves 2.4 million times each year from the criminals by making use of their guns. The study was conducted in 1993 by the professor and more than 6000 families were involved in the survey study. The bureau of justice had the statics of 1.1 m illion criminal acts that were enforced by the use of gun in 1992, that revealed a relationship between the high use of gun power and the lowering of criminal activities. Under the light of legal gun control policy, practicing of filing of cases against the people became common, in them most of the cases were subjected to gun producers, who are not only producing but spreading the deadly weapon. While the lawsuit in between US and Emerson, a

Flight( I choose the Bald eagle) Research Paper

Flight( I choose the Bald eagle) - Research Paper Example Further topics explored in this research work include the food habit and the challenges faced by Bald Eagles. In short, this research work attempts to provide overall information on one among the most important predators in the sky, i.e., Bald Eagle. Generally, human encroachment affects the ecological balance and sustenance of life. More and more endangered species are at the edge of extinction and the human race is responsible for the same. Within this scenario, the challenges faced by birds like Bald Eagles are unnoticed because human beings provide less importance to this problem. Still, the attempt to retrieve of Bald eagle (mainland of North America) population is noteworthy because the same is an important epoch within the effort to maintain bird population and to save birds from extinction. Thesis statement: The research on Bald Eagle proves that this bird has some peculiar characteristics, its habitat includes wetlands with abundant supply of fish, its food habit includes ca rnivorous (primarily fish), and it faces challenges like human encroachment on habitat, pesticides, and hunting. This section of the research work is broadly divided into: general information, habitat, food habit, and challenges. General information: In real sense, this bird is not bald or with fewer feather on its head. Instead, the name originates from the fact that the color of this bird’s head is white. ... To be specific, female birds are comparatively larger than male birds. These birds have strong legs and toes, most helpful to snatch their prey and to slice meat. This peculiarity is helpful for this bird to have dominance over its prey. Besides, these birds are seen in almost all parts of the mainland of North America. [Untitled figure of population distribution of Bald Eagles in North America]. Retrieved November 12, 2013, from: http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/i3520id.html The difference between mature and immature birds of this type is visible because immature birds are with black color on their beaks. On the other side, the mature birds do not have any color variation on their beaks because the dominant color is yellow. One can see that, â€Å"Bald eagles are one of the largest raptors, or birds of prey, in North America† (Magby, 2012). These birds belong to sea eagle variety and they build large nests on tall trees. In addition, this bird’s fame is related to its status as the national bird, within the context of US. Habitat: The main habitat of this bird variety is wetlands, including coastal areas, riverbanks, large lakes, and other type of large water bodies. One can see that this bird selects these areas as main habitat because sustenance and reproduction are important. To be specific, these birds build their nests on tall trees near to water bodies, including wetlands. Besides, abundance of fish variety in wetlands attracts this bird variety to these areas. On the other side, these birds never provide any special importance to tree species. Instead, almost all tall trees are used for nesting purpose, disregarding species. Besides, these birds provide ample importance

Primary drivers of the organizational change

Primary drivers of the organizational change This is the key essential driver of the organizational change. Companies which do not maintain their financial standards or required to reevaluate their objectives and process. When a new opponent gives an enter in to the market with a new technology which is advanced or with labor at low cost then the company which had officially enjoyed profits will experience fall in the share value of their market . A company which as faced a failure to preserve its position in the competitive presents can experience pressure on its resources and compel to face the second thought on the cost of capital and deployment of the resources. Strategic change in the objectives:- This is the primary driver of the organizational change. When a company changes its center of attention to a customer oriented service from a product oriented service then new process comes in the existence to assist this reorientation, which results in the unemployment to the active staff or processes which are manufacturing. End of the product development:- A product reaches of its development life cycle when companies are strained stop its production to reduce the operating cost which helps them to survive in the existing market. At the end of the life cycle of the product development many of the companies sell out are combined with its competitors in the existing market. This makes the company to face the structural changes in its trade processes to either sustain profitability or concentrate on evolving opportunities. New technology:- New technology can be addresses ad major driver of the organizational change. For an instance internet dominating on the old style print media companies. The browsing levels of internet is increasing day by day worldwide, which as forcing companies to acclimatize their active operations to the changing preferences of the consumers . Companies which ignore to follow the upcoming trends will experience the fall in share value will compare to its opponents who adapt the rising technologies to address the demands of their customers. Fusions and acquisition:- When companies unite their operations then cost cutting on a significant level and the reengineering takes place unemployment remodeling to lineup with the objectives of the management steer the organizational change. Fusion of a fusion of a few companies can create the large considerable aims to modernize their operations and join existing operation into a centralized model. BURECRATIC ORGANIZATION:- Burecratic organization is a kind of government which is created by the assembly of unelected workers administrators and managers, who follow rules shaped by the nominated and designated authorities of the department. Basic principles:- Utilizing set of measures deal to deal a worker. Remote relations among the people. Utilizing a set of principles to cover the privileges and duties an employee. Division of manual labor from will designed field. Authority with discreet chain of command. Technical competence is the base for promoting and selection of the employee. Strengths:- Employees are control with a clear set of rules and regulations. The system is centralized and everything is monitored. It follows standardization and makes everyone to follow the same procedure. It is based on the impersonal orientation. It is legally tenure based. Weaknesses:- The decision making and all the other processes are very slow The jobs may become boring for the employees The communication has to go through so many levels that it gets distorted. Too much control discourages innovation and creativity. There are too many levels in the hierarchy. The bureaucracy itself encourages political behavior and people try to use other means to go up the hierarchy. 2.1b):- Argos is one of the largest retailers in the United Kingdom. It has 750 stores located all over the United Kingdom. Argos is unique among the major retailer in the uk , as its primary mains on discipline goods is by means of a catalog. Argos is a catalog merchant. Customers can browse through its catalog select the desired goods and pay the price for their desired goods and collect them from the collection desk in the store or deliver their goods directly to home. Argos possess many brands like Chad valley, Elizabeth duke, bush, mikomi, and Alba. Argos was once a FTSE100 INDEX but now owned by a home retail group. It was found by Richard Tompkins. He is the person who started green shield stamp in the United Kingdom. He rebranded the green shield stamps catalog shops as Argos in July 1973. The first Argo store opened on the A28 STURRY ROAD, CANTERBURRY. Argo started with thousand member of staff and 1000000 pounds income during the week in November. A new slogan helping you live for less was introduce in January 2010 as a part of the rebranding process. It is a register owner for several brands. Discuss and Compare the ways of Organizational development. Which one is appropriate and feasible for your selected organization? Justify your choice. (2.1.c) Organization Development is an effort planned, organization-wide, and managed from the top, to increase organization effectiveness and health through planned interventions in the organizations processes, using behavioral-science knowledge. -Beck hard, Organization development: Strategies and Models, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1969, p. 9. Todays organizations operate in a rapidly changing environment. Consequently, one of the most important assets for an organization is the ability to manage change and for people to remain healthy and authentic. It is defined as a continuous process which is implemented by all the organizations. Organization development makes its people who are only operational into talented to gain better results which helps in the expansion and increase in its production by various plans to gain returns. Development in the product range expanse business. Changes and development of Argos:- Argos as experienced changes in the life increasing in the variety of different goods. Because of the vary traditions in the United Kingdom. Each and every product in the Argos catalog or grouped according tools type for example computer peripherals, jewellary, toys for kids etc. Argos owned some of the brand and rebranded them as their own brand. Customers for made convenient by introducing new technologies this also helped the company to face the increasing competition in market. For an instance, customers are made convenient by introducing the self check machines which helps them to check the availability of the desired products from the bulk varieties and categories present in the store. Introduction of these type of new technologies not only made the customer to feel convenient but also it helped to be in the top position in the competitive market. Argos is also attracting the customers by reducing the prices of the product introducing deals with discounts for the customers to m ake them feel that they gain something profitable from the offers. Introducing of these type of discounts and deals increases the sales of the company and existence of the company for long terms in the market which is competitive. Development required for the Argos:- The infrastructure of the company should be improved drastically. Argos should update its new technologies like embedding the two different technologies which made the company unique in the market for example self checkout machines which are introducing by the Argos to provide quality service tools customers should be embedded with paying machines. This reduces the queues at the cash counters which makes the customers feel comfortable. Introduction of new products according to the developing generations should be made available in the company for example multimedia products, automotive products and products with nano technology should be made available in the Argos store. Security inside the store should be increased drastically, which makes the customer feel safe and secure. Introduction of multinational and multi cultural products attracts the different kind of customers. Covering the entire region by dividing into small parts and establishing the stores in according to the divided regions. This makes the Argos company to reach all the customers in the United Kingdom. Availability of online shopping should be increased. Use appropriate tools (Stakeholder analysis is compulsory) to develop the systems to understand and involve appropriate stakeholders in the introduction of change. Evaluate how successful your system will be specially in handling the resistance to change in the organization. (2.2.a 2.2.b) Stakeholder management a vital role in the success of every organization it is an important an discipline which is followed by the successful people and to win support from others. Stakeholder management consist of two important elements they are Stakeholder analysis Stakeholder planning Stakeholder analysis:- Stakeholder analysis is defined as a technique which is utilize to spot out the key elements of the people whom have to be one over. Stakeholder planning:- Stakeholder planning is defined as the as defined as the procedure which built the support to make a succeed. Stakeholders are the people whose participation and support are considered to be crucial in achieving the goals and objectives of the project and leading the project to its success. So recognizing of all the stakeholders is considered to be an important activity for a project manager to guarantee the success of the project. Stakeholder can be individual within the project, individuals within the organization and individuals or groups outside the organization. Managing of stakeholders for a project involves stakeholder identification, action taking, management of the stakeholder expectations reviewing and the repeating the status, assessing stakeholder influence, analyzing the stakeholder interest and documentation of the needs of the stakeholder. Step by step process of the analyzing the stakeholder analysis:- Categorizing stakeholders:- It is the first step in the stakeholder analysis this stage things about who yours stakeholders are and all the people who are pretentious by the work and who can influence are have cover on over it, or show interest in its successful or unsuccessful conclusion. Prioritize stakeholder:- After identifying the stakeholders of company there will be long list of people and organizations who are influenced by our work. Some of people this people and organizations can have a power to block it or advance it and some of them may be interested in what we are doing Understanding the important stakeholder:- In this stage we need to know more about our stakeholders. It is essential to know about their view and reactions there project. It is also essential to know how to engage them in the project and how to communicate with them. What are the benefits of the stakeholder analysis? With the help of the stakeholder analysis a project can identified Possible issues which disorders the project Methods to minimize the possible negative force and to manage the negative stakeholders. Important people for distributing the information during the execution face Benefits of the all the stakeholders who may be affected or affect the project. Planning of the communication and strategy of managing the stakeholders during planning face of the product Groups that should get encouragement to take part in various stages of the project. Engaging all the stakeholders throughout the life cycle of the project is a vital key for the success of the project. Management of the stakeholder expectations and guaranteeing their active involvement is key essential to project as It is necessary for maintenance of the project and completing the project successfully. It gives the chance the individuals or groups to articulate their thoughts, problems, and concerns over the project. It gives a logic of liability and develops responsibility. It facilitates effectual threat identification and planning of the response. It also opens up and outstanding learning opportunity for both the stakeholders and the project team. For your chosen organization recommend the changes required to attain or sustain competitive advantage in the business world. Support your answer with appropriate models and process for change in the organization. (2.3.a) The basic objective of study was to mould the dealings between organizational culture and change defining the ways in which a privileged knowledge of organizational culture affects the process of executing change, and identifying the different stages of the change process at which the communication between organizational culture and change executing methods holds significance of the functions. Many of the present models and structures of the organization change admit the pressure of implicit proportion of organizational life at one or more different stages of the change process. These models replicate contradictory levels of granularity which respect to the process of completing organizational change and each recognizes typical stages of change execution. The model and structure of the organizational change in cultural circumstance establish in this article was urbanized to reflect different stages in the process of implementing the change where organizational culture apply different ial influence. Business development driven change:- Business development potentially consist of everything which is concerned with the excellence of the business are the organization. Business development planning firstly needs establishment of the aims for the development of the business and then originating in a strategy for business development, which would include some or all the following methods of development. Trade development New product development New market development Shape of the business organization Structure and process development Logistics and supply chain development Management and communication development Strategic development Distribution development International development New product development (NPD):- NPD is the term which explains the whole process of bringing a new product or service in to the existence to the market. Marketing according to its nature involve innovative ideas different functions of the organizations. Innovative ideas are essential for reacting to varying demand by the market which is targeted and the exerted pressure by the opponents. These changes are obvious in decision making in all marketing which includes the development of a new product. New product development process include 8 stages they are idea generation, idea screening, concept development and testing the concept, business analysis, product development, market development, market testing and product launch. Process development:- Process development is defined as developing a manufacturing process to accommodate Logistics:- Logistics is defined as a business planning structure for the management of material, facility, data and capital flows. It includes the increasingly complicated information, communication and control systems required in todays business environment. SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT:- A supply chain is the process of moving goods from the customer order through the raw materials stage. All organizations have supply chains of varying degrees, depending upon the size of the organization and the type of product manufactured. These networks obtain supplies and components, change these materials into finished products and then distribute them to the customer. Managing the chains of events in this process is what is known as supply chain management. Effective management must take into account coordination all the different pieces of this chain as quickly as possible without losing any of the quality or customer satisfaction. Acquisitions and disposals:- General form of the business development is partly subjective, partly scientific with the base of a thoughts and requirements of the business owners or chief executive officers. There are different methods and processes to expand the business which accomplish the growth and improvement and hardly ever is just one of these a single best solution. Business development is also called as black art i.e. it is difficult to analyze and difficult to apply a replicable process. Process models:- Process models of change authorize the series of events which are necessary to effect organizational change concentrating more on required basic steps of implementation than on conceptual task required. All process models tolerate homage to lewins1947 classic three stage model of change, defining the necessary succession through the phases of unfreeze, refreeze and change. Following process models which outline the series of events which are to be elaborated to varying degrees upon these necessary basic stages of change in his recent retaliation, burk2008 highlighted the role of the leadership at each stage adding a prelaunch stage focused on preparing an organization for the troubles some effects and change Process models change have been differentiated with respect to the underlying philosophical perspectives and definitions they symbolize, major underlying statements and types of sense making that describe each approach. All though the number of categories and labels in each differentiation scheme varies. There have five different process models have been classified. Evolutionary (inevitable) Teleological (planned) Life cycle (maturational) Political (strategic) Social cognitive (conceptual) Organization culture is afforded contradictory roles and significance of the function in each of these process models change. Kezar2001 reserved a 6th category of cultural change for process models particularly aimed at varying organizational culture. Process models of cultural change are identified by organizational theorists in spite of fact that the concept of culture was basically developed to clarify the in availability, not change organizational culture has constantly evolved as a crucial variable to determining the success of the efforts to realize institutional change. Both theoretical and process models of organizational change have been modernize to replicate the position of cultural dynamics in moderating efforts of the leaders to pressure the attitudes customs and performance of the supporters in organizational settings. The procedure in which organizational culture has been integrated in to these models of change which provides a frame works for considerating the questions which are addressed in this study. Develop a detail plan to implement the recommended changes and evaluate at least 3 possible outcomes organization may achieve after successful implementation. (Task 2.3.b) Implementation plan: Proper plan is required to bring change and succeed in every organization. Identifying the opportunities and available solutions should be done before the implementation. Identify all the issues of execution by gathering the required data from the important people who brings the change and can evaluate the important options like resources and priorities. In Argos implementation plans introduces the self checkout machine with embedded technology and home delivery concept. Firstly Argos should have some time line and aims to reach the objective before the implementation plan according to the plan the task should be allocated an all the necessary resources should be gathered For the execution of the implementation plan. Implementation of plan as follows:- Self checkout machine embedded with paying machine. Drive through and home delivery concept. Plan1:- Firstly self checkout machines embedded with paying machines are introduced in selected store where a wide variety of customers come to the store daily. Then all the customers are educated about how it will works the advantages of the self checkout machines embedded with paying machines explaining detail to the customers. This new technology which is introduce will avoid the customers standing in the queues by reducing their wastage of their valuable time. Then after a certain short period feedback from the customers is collected. Find out if there any issue and fix it by taking enough time without its occurrence in the future and improving the changes and developments in accordance to the customer feedback should be done. Again after a certain period of time if the product is successful without any complainants by the customers then install the product in all the stores to provide qualitative services for the customers. Finally evaluate the success percentage in the execution of pla n which expands the growth of the organization. Plan2:- Firstly advertise about the drive through and home delivery concept in selected areas. Then give a complete awareness and the working structure of the home delivery concept. Explain the advantages that customers by introducing this concept there is no need of customers to come in to the stores to buy the products. A catalog embedded with the paying machine is payment and give the details for delivery. After introducing this concept feedback of the customers is collected and the processes are monitored frequently. Delivery of the product should be made in time with any damage to the product and delay. Again after a certain period of time if the product is successful without any complainants by the customers then install the product in all the stores to provide qualitative services for the customers. Finally evaluate the success percentage in the execution of plan which expands the growth of the organization. By using the embedding technology with self check out machines and paying mac hines. Customers can find the products easily and they need not to stand in the queue for payment. They can search the products and they can able to pay the amount by using this new electronic device. Once they pay the amount they will get one receipt. When the receipt shows they can get the products in concerned counter. By using drive through customers save the time and no need to search the things what they want. So they get the served simply through the window. Once the plans are implemented successfully to bring the change in the stores people attract automatically because of the quick service. When the customers get quick service they attract to the stores hence the profits may increased more over they get the satisfaction when their expectations reached by providing the quality service hence the company goals satisfied.

Learning How to Read Essay -- Cognitive Process, Childhood, Reading

Learning to read is a complex cognitive process which progresses throughout childhood. In order to develop good reading and written skills, an individual requires both orthographic knowledge and phonological awareness (Waldie et al., 2013). Orthographic knowledge is the ability to use information stored in memory to represent spoken language in written form. On the other hand, phonological awareness refers to the ability to detect and understand sound structure and phonemes (the smallest units of distinct sound in a specific language). Models of reading such as the parallel distributed processing (PDP) models suggest that both orthographic and phonological systems work together to activate lexical semantics (Waldie et al., 2013). Some children have great difficulty in learning to read, and if this problem persists, may be assessed to identify whether or not they have a learning disability, such as dyslexia. In this essay a brief definition of dyslexia will be given followed by a shor t introduction of early research that points towards a biological basis for dyslexia. Specific neural pathways and brain regions will then be identified and findings discussed in relation to specific topographical areas of the brain investigated in dyslexics. There are many different definitions of dyslexia, but most studies characterize dyslexia as a neurobiological disorder resulting in reading impairment despite the intellectual aptitude, sociocultural opportunities, and motivation to read with accuracy and fluency (Lyon et al., 2003). It can also be characterised by difficulties in spelling, working memory and decoding abilities. Furthermore, dyslexia can be broadly categorised into two main types: developmental or acquired, although there are num... ...f Neurology, 7(1), pp. 35 - 46. Rumsey, J.M., Donohue, B.C., Brady, D.R., Nace, K., Giedd, J.N. & Andreason, P. (1997). A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Planum Temporale Asymmetry in Men with Developmental Dyslexia. Archives of Neurology, 54(12), pp. 1481 - 1489. Schneider, P., Scherg, M., Dosch, H.G., Specht, H.J., Gutschalk, A. & Rupp, A. (2002). Morphology of Heschl's Gyrus Reflects Enhanced Activation in the Auditory Cortex of Musicians. Nature Neuroscience, 5(7), pp. 668 - 694. Waldie, K.E., Haigh, C.E., Badzakova-Trajkov, G., Buckley, J. & Kirk, I.J. (2013). Reading the Wrong Way with the Right Hemisphere. Brain Sciences, 3(1), pp. 1060 - 1075. Wernicke, C. (1874). Der aphasische Symptomenconplex: Eine psychologische Studies auf Anatomischer Basis (The Aphasia Symptom-Complex: A Psychological Study on an Anatomical Basis). Breslau: Cohn and Weigert.

Meet food and safety requirements when providing food and drink for individuals Essay

1.1 food safety hazards when preparing, serving, storing and cleaning away food and drinks are of three types, namely, biological and chemical hazards. 1.2 this is important because it prevents food poisoning for the individual for e.g. if i don’t take all the necessary precautions when preparing food or drink, the service user may get food poisoning which could end with the service user going into hospital. food poisoning is caused when contaminated food is eaten, it can be extremely unpleasant, and in worst case scenarios it can be fatal, particularly in high-risk group clients. the most common cause of illness from food is bacterial contamination. 1.3 personal protective clothing must be used when handling food and drink because dust and bacteria from our clothes can contaminate the service users food and drink. for e.g. we go out in break and have a coffee in a coffee shop, when someone at the next table is sneezing , after going in the service users home we have to use protective clothing because bacteria from our own clothes may contaminate the food and drink we prepare. 1.4 surfaces, utensils and equipment must be clean before beginning a new task because bacteria from the left over pieces of food will contaminate the freshly cut/handled food, also chopping boards used for chopping vegetables must be washed before chopping meat if separate boards are not available in a service users home. 1.5 some of the cooked food products gets extremely quickly contaminated, as food waste promptly and safely. meat, fish, poultry, dairy products, cooked pasta and rice are perfect for bacteria to grow. that’s why we must dispose or clear meals leftovers immediately. for e.g. if the service user left some rice or meat in the pan, we must cover it immediately after the meal and store it in the fridge but only for a few hours (e.g. lunch till supper, but not till next days lunch) if that leftover is not consumed at supper, we must dispose it in the bin for food waste. also we must wash up the pans, plates, cutlery etc after clearing the food to not leave time for bacteria to grow and develop. 1.6 when storing food we must follow some guidelines to ensure its safety, for e.g. to keep apart raw and cooked food, keep apart dairy product, meat products, eggs and vegetables because this is the way of preventing cross contamination. 2.1 hands should be washed quite regularly when handling food, they should be washed before preparing food, in-between dealing with raw and cooked foods also if you were to come in contact with a service user you should then wash your hands. 2.2 step 1 – wet hands thoroughly under warm running water and squirt liquid soap onto the palm of one hand. step 2 – rub your hands together to make lather. step 3 – rub the palm of one hand along the back of the other and along the fingers. then repeat with the other hand. step 4 – rub in between each of your fingers on both hands and round your thumbs. pay particular attention to your nails. you many need to use a nail brush. step 5 – rinse off the soap with clean water. step 6 – dry hands on thoroughly on a disposable towel. 2.3 every person working in a food handling area must maintain a high degree of personal cleanliness and wear suitable clean and where appropriate protective clothing. clothing is a common source of contamination of food and may arise form: – foreign bodies e.g. buttons, fibers and debris – pathogenic (harmful) micro-organisms via cross-contamination from dirty clothing. clothing must be clean and should be changed regularly to maintain hygienic standards and protect food from the risk of contamination where open high risk foods are being prepared or handled, protective clothing must be worn. 2.4 surfaces, utensils and equipment must be clean before beginning a new task: – removing matter on which bacteria grows – reducing the risk of foreign matter in food – preventing cross contamination e.g. direct, indirect 3.1 practices to control hazards when preparing and serving food and drink using seperate boards and utensils for different types of food e.g. raw meats and vegetables, using colour-coded chopping boards, making sure that food is thoroughly cooked according to guidelines e.g. not reheating more than once, following microwave instructions, ensuring frozen meat and products are thawed before cooking. cooking or reheating immediately before serving, washing ready-to-eat product, serving foods e.g. keeping hot or chilled food at correct temperature, nott topping up sauces, excluding staff with food poisoning symptoms. 3.2 prepare and serve food and drink in ways that minimise risks to own safety and that of others: – other e.g. children and adults who eat the food – staff preparing food – following good food handling and serving practices – maintaining personal hygiene – keeping any cuts or lesions completely covered – wearing protective clothing – minimising food handling e.g. using log handled servers – importance of cleaning as you work – replacing covers over food in preparation areas and serving areas – keeping preparation and serving areas clean and tidy 3.3 – check that individuals have finished eating before removing utensils and crockery – you encourage individuals to wash their hands and clean themselves at the end of the meal. – remove or assist individuals to remove used utensils and crockery – follow organisations policies and practice to dispose of stale or unusable left-over food – you clean work surfaces after use with appropriate cleaning materials – clean and store cooking utensils and equipment correctly or return them for cleaning – wash your hands and ensure your own cleanliness and hygiene after cleaning utensils, crockery and equipment 4.1 – following recommended time limits for food at room temperature – not leaving food and drink to accumulate in food areas 4.2 – not leaving food waste near foods or preparation areas – replacing bin lids correctly – keeping bins away from food areas – hand washing after handling waste foods – regular emptying and cleaning food waste bins – keeping external refuse areas clean 4.3 – using seperate sinks for cleaning and food preparation – thorough cleaning and disinfecting – disposing of cleaning cloths or disinfecting – disinfecting cleaning materials 4.4 – all utensils to be stored seperately on a rack – place them upside down – once dry put it in clean, dry storage shelves 5.1 – high risk food e.g. ready to eat, storing immediately after delivery – checking packaging – regular cleaning of food storage areas and refrigerators – separating ready to eat and raw foods – stock rotation – correct temperatures e.g. store rooms , refrigerators, freezers – suitable packaging and pest proof containers – not storing foods in opened cans – cleaning spills in storage areas immediately 5.2 – using covered containers – keeping raw food separate from high risk foods e.g. raw food at the bottom of the fridge – storing perishable foods in dry conditions – using clear labeling – checking use-by dates 6.1 – government agencies e.g. food standards agency – policies and procedures in own setting – legislation – food packaging 6.2 – own job description – line manager – food hygiene qualifications – tutor/assessor