The Presidency Of John Fitzgerald Jr. - 801 Words

When people think back to the presidency of John Fitzgerald Kennedy Jr., many people think of his assassination, Martin Luther King Jr., and the Cold War. Although there is one major event that forever changed the course of the world, that being the mission labeled Apollo 11. This mission was to put men on the moon. In words it may sound simple, but so much had to be put into this mission. They did some amazing experiments while on the moon. It is also the origin of many famous sayings used on a daily basis. Some sayings such as â€Å"The Eagle has landed† and Neil Armstrong said, â€Å"That s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.† One can not stress enough how much this mission changed the world and how much new technology this mission brought into the grasp of humans. Let alone the boost in moral it give the public within the United States of America that there may be something greater out there other than the Earth. On May 25, 1961 President John F. Ke nnedy gave an inspirational speech stating, â€Å"I believe this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to Earth† (â€Å"Apollo 11†). This small statement would make a huge impact on the world. Amazingly enough a short eight years later Apollo 11 would lift off from Kennedy Space Center. Inside would contain two men, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin, who would live out the rest of their lives in fame of being the first humans on theShow MoreRelatedJohn F. Kennedy: Life and Times853 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy was born in Brookline, Massachusetts on May 29, 1917. John’s mother’s name was Rose Elizabeth Fitzgerald Kennedy and his father, Joseph Patrick Kennedy. Rose and Joseph had 9 children in total. John had a very competitive childhood with his older brother Joseph Patrick Junior. Jack (JFK) was sick very often in his childhood, but nether les s he was very active in sports and very social. Jack’s brother Joe Jr. was his parents’ favorite son. Joseph Patrick Kennedy was theRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy: The King of Camelot1039 Words   |  5 Pageswas this man who had influenced the world with his political charm and strives for change? The man of the hour is John Fitzgerald Kennedy. On May 29, 1917 in Brookline, Massachusetts one of America’s most beloved presidents is birthed into The Kennedy Family, a socially and politically prominent family residing in Massachusetts. Named after his mother’s father, John Fitzgerald Kennedy would go on to become one of the most influential president’s to grace the oval office. His parents RoseRead MoreJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy s Politics And World Affairs1348 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy, nicknamed Jack, was born on May 29, 1917. He was the second of 9 to be born to Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy and Joseph Kennedy Jr. While Jack was at Harvard in 1937, his father became the United States Ambassador to England. That sparked Jack’s interest in politics and world affairs. From then on, he strived to learn more about government and current events. When Jack was a senior at Harvard, WWII began. He wrote a thesis about why Great Britain was not ready for the war withRead MoreJohn F. K ennedy Essay1302 Words   |  6 PagesAmong his many honors as President of the United States of America, John Fitzgerald Kennedy remains the youngest man ever elected to the office of Chief Executive, and the youngest man to die while still fulfilling his duties. Serving as Americas President, John F. Kennedy held his office for 1000 days, dying November 22nd, 1963, assassinated at the age of 46. John Fitzgerald Kennedy was born on May 29th, 1917 in Brookline, Massachusetts, the second son of nine children of the wealthy Roman CatholicRead MoreEssay Jfk Informative Speech Outline869 Words   |  4 Pagesinformation on President John F. Kennedy. The speech will provide a history of President Kennedy’s life, the memorable points of his presidency and why he is an inspiration. Specific Purpose: To share with them his early life, his political career, his load of presidency, his tragic death, and his inspiration. Thesis Statement: President Kennedy proved to be one of the most remembered Presidents of America and inspires everyone, especially me. Preview statement: President John F. Kennedy has beenRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy Assassination1618 Words   |  7 PagesJohn F. Kennedy Assassination Was John F. Kennedy’s assassination a single shooter or was it a conspiracy? Since November 22, 1963 people around the world have wondered who it was that shot President Kennedy, and what for. So many questions have formed around this event, not just about who the shooter was, but also questions like what might the world have been like today if the shooting didn’t happen? The Kennedy assassination has been a mystery for many years. A lot of people hear about the differentRead MoreJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy Essay1555 Words   |  7 PagesJFK John Fitzgerald Kennedy (Jack) was born in Brooklyn Massachusetts on May 29, 1917, to Joseph Kennedy and Rose Fitzgerald, who were the children of Patrick Kennedy and John Fitzgerald (Honey Fitz), whose parents both emigrated from Ireland in 1858. Honey Fitz was governor of Boston and served on the House of Representatives. Both men were influential in politics. Joseph and Rose Kennedy had nine children: Joseph Jr., John, Rosemary, Kathleen, Eunice, Patricia, RobertRead Moreâ€Å"And So My Fellow Americans, Ask Not What Your Country1741 Words   |  7 Pagesis now remembered in today s time is because of John F. Kennedy, one of the most iconic presidents ever, in his presidency and his life, achieved many accomplishments. Early Life Throughout high school history classes, we have discussed many of the past presidents who have had major impacts on America and how they have shaped this country today: John F. Kennedy represents one of those influential presidents. Before his presidency, John Fitzgerald Kennedy’s legacy began back with his parents. HisRead MoreJfk Assassination Research Paper1102 Words   |  5 PagesRaven Wing April 3, 2013 JFK Assassination On November 29, 1963, our 35th President of the United States, John Fitzgerald Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas. A young and vigorous leader who was a victim of the fourth Presidential assassination in the history of a country. This assassination was known as a world tragedy, and a great lost to our nation. Many conspiracies were formed while the investigation of his assassinationRead MoreThe Speech Preparation of J.F.K. Essay1278 Words   |  6 PagesThe Speech Preparation of J.F.K. From the first moments of his presidency, John F. Kennedy evoked a strong sense of security and spirit of idealism in the American public. He reassured the citizens of their nations strengths, and by declaring one of historys most famous questions, inspired them to better serve their country. The charismatic, young president dazzled the world not only with his physical poise and eloquence, but also with his simple, yet intense, use of rhetoric and voice

The Expansion Of The United States - 1246 Words

For states all through the nation in the not so distant future, there s a typical topic: an atmosphere of instability coupled with a feeling of veritable open door. In the midst of stresses over the national government s disappointment to help financing for framework, numerous states are making moves to create that subsidizing all alone. Congress appears to have stalled—once more in its endeavors to change the movement framework, however states are sanctioning bills intended to give new rights to some of their undocumented inhabitants. Also after a period in which advanced education projects confronted sensational cuts, states are returning cash to those projects some of them more productively than previously. Here are 10 major issues†¦show more content†¦Among the expresses that could vote on a Medicaid extension are Idaho, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Utah, Virginia, Wyoming and Tennessee, where Gov. Bill Haslam has likened finding an acceptable way to expand to â₠¬Å"trying to thread a needle from 80 yards.† In numerous statehouses in 2014, extension will be examined close by modifications in how Medicaid is conveyed and got too. There could likewise be suggestions to cover all the more low-salary populaces without extending Medicaid, as Oklahoma and Indiana have done. Anyway the thought of fitting Medicaid to needs and political flow inside individual states is as old as Medicaid itself. â€Å"No two Medicaid programs have ever been the same, and it would not surprise me if we saw innovation on that front, not just in expansion but whatever their needs may be,† says Melissa Hansen, a health policy analyst at the National Conference of State Legislatures. President Obama s push to raise the government the lowest pay permitted by law to $9 every hour is going no place, yet this could expand the weight on states and territories to make a move. Prodded by government stalemate, financial patterns and open feeling, a few states will consider increments in 2014. Furthermore

Lesson 6 Free Essays

Key Question 6 a) The opening Act of King Lear evidently portrays Lear’s downward movement as it coincides with Aristotle’s structure of Greek tragedy. The play begins with Lear, a hero of noble birth and ruler of Britain, in an ordered society soon to be disrupted by a fatal flaw that is the result of his excessive pride. His journey from the ordered to the disordered world becomes apparent after he hands his land over to his two elder daughters and banishes his youngest daughter Cordelia from the kingdom. We will write a custom essay sample on Lesson 6 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The initial situation began when Lear asks Cordelia, â€Å"What can you say to draw / A third more opulent than your sisters? † (I i 87-88), in which she answers â€Å"Nothing, my lord† (I i 89). This demonstrates Lear’s arrogance and triggers the rash decision he makes that would greatly impact the tragic events that follow. At the end of the scene, his two elder daughters immediately work to conspire against him so that he would be left with no power at all. Goneril says to Regan that they â€Å"must do something, and i’ th’ heat† (I ii 311). This foreshadows Lear’s impending downward movement and begins the reversal of his fortunes as things go from bad to worse. Lear’s recognition of the truth and the existence of his tragic circumstance becomes slightly clear to him when he wonders whether he has lost his mind and cries out â€Å"O let me not be mad, not mad, sweet heaven! † (I v 46). Act I leaves off at this stage where Lear is about to suffer tremendously before further stages of recognition, retribution, and restitution occur later in the play. ) In Act I of King Lear, references to the principle motifs of nature and the unnatural, sanity/madness, and â€Å"nothing† all reinforce the downward movement of Lear’s perception of his own identity. Lear’s Fool constantly tries to warn him of his mistake in a series of riddles, puns, and songs: â€Å"The hedge-sparrow fed the cuckoo so long / That it had it head bit off by it young† (I iv 221-222). Referencing the nature of animals in that song, the Fool is telling Lear that his two daughters resemble a traitorous â€Å"cuckoo† who betrays the one who raised them. This emphasizes the eventual downward movement of Lear’ perception of his own identity as a father who is so â€Å"loved† by his daughters. When Lear leaves Goneril’s castle and is preparing to visit his other daughter Regan, he prayed to heaven that he would not go crazy: â€Å"O let me not be mad, not mad, sweet heaven! Keep me in temper, I would not be mad! † (I v 46-47). Lear’s fear of going insane from his daughter’s betrayal demonstrates another downward movement of Lear’s perception of his own identity. Also, references to the motif of nothingness occur when the Fool is speaking to Lear in the presence of Kent. The Fool asks Lear, â€Å"Can you make no use of nothing, Nuncle? † (I iv 133-134), in which Lear responds, â€Å"Why, no boy. Nothing can be made out of nothing† (I iv 135-136). This is foreshadowing Lear’s inevitable downfall because he would soon have nothing to make use of since he has chosen to hand all of his formal authority over to his two daughters who do not actually love him. It appears that Lear’s perception of his positive, all-powerful identity is about to lead him into a tragic breakdown in the way the three motifs of nature and the unnatural, sanity/madness, and â€Å"nothing† are referenced throughout the first Act of the play. c) Lear calls upon his three daughters and announces that he intends to divide his kingdom among them, promising the greatest share to the daughter who declares that she loves him the most. Goneril begins with her speech telling Lear that she loves him â€Å"more than words can wield† (I i 57) and Regan makes a request to receive the same value of fortunes as her sister, telling Lear, â€Å"I am made of that same mettle as my sister, / And prize me at her worth. In my true heart / I find she names my very deed of love† (I i 71-73). Both daughters’ speeches, filled with exaggerated flattery and blatant lies, earn each one a generous portion of the kingdom, while Lear decides to banish his youngest daughter Cordelia for not flattering him as the sisters did. As a result, Kent intercepts to warn Lear, â€Å"Reserve thy state, / And in thy best consideration check / This hideous rashness. Answer my life my judgment† (I i 151-153). Kent stakes his life on his opinion that Cordelia is actually the most loyal of the three daughters and begs for Lear to reconsider his rash decision, but he too gets banished by Lear, showing us how Lear is causing his own downward movement due to his excessive pride. Goneril later insults the foolishness of Lear giving away his powers, when she tells Oswald â€Å"let him to my sister, / Whose mind and mine I know in that are one, / Not to be overruled. Idle old man, / That still would manage those authorities / That he hath given away† (I iii 15-19). This shows Lear’s downward movement as Goneril treats him poorly and is certain her sister will treat him the same way. The Fool also reminds Lear of his terrible decision in handing his fortunes over to his daughters. When Lear begins to realize his own mistake, the Fool tells him in a riddle that a snail has a house â€Å"to put ‘s head in; not to give it away to his daughters, and leave his horns without a case† (I v 31-32). All of these situations demonstrate the inevitable downfall of the noble King Lear as his two daughters conspire to strip him of all his remaining power and fortunes. Key Question 9 In an ordered society, both justice and mercy are fundamental. However, in many circumstances they cannot be simultaneously applied. On its own, justice is more essential than mercy in order to maintain a civilized society. With a system of justice, we could prevent future crimes from taking place, maintain people’s rights and freedom, as well as prevent society from plunging into a state of destruction. With a justice system in place we could take preventive measures against future crimes and laws being broken. If people are punished for the crimes they commit, there would be fewer crimes and less mayhem in the world. People who demonstrate no mecy or remorse for the harm they inflict upon others deserve to be punished, otherwise they will continue their wrongdoings. In Act IV of King Lear, when Cornwall dies from the injuries inflicted by the servant during Gloucester’s blinding, Albany interprets his death as divine retribution. He cries out â€Å"This shows you are above, / You justicers, that these our nether crimes / So speedily can venge† (Iv ii 79-80). Since Cornwall has been punished for blinding Gloucester he can no longer harm other characters. Cornwall carried on with his evil intentions until he received his punishment (his own death) which finally put an end to his actions. Society requires a justice system in order to maintain people’s rights, freedom, and equality. In the play, Edgar, Cordelia, and Kent are three characters who have been treated unfairly and were left with no opportunity o prove themselves innocent. Cordelia is fortunate to have her own freedom after leaving the kingdom and marrying the Duke of France. However, Edgar and Kent were left to fend for themselves in order to survive and be accepted by others. When Edgar runs into his father Gloucester, he cries, â€Å"Who is ‘t can say ‘I am at the worst? ’ / I am worse than e’er I was† (Iv i 24-26). Edgar, who must disguise himself as â€Å"poor mad Tom† (IV i 27) in order to be accepted, considers the condition he is in as being the worst ever, compared to anyone else. These characters should be able to stand up for themselves and voice their opinions without being wrongly punished when it is not what other people want to hear. Edgar and Kent are left to suffer from other people’s mistakes because there is no righteousness in the way they were treated. In an ordered society, everyone deserves to have their own freedom of speech and be treated as equal, regardless of their opinions on different matters. Social justice can ensure that every individual receives the same treatment. An all-merciful society would lead the world to a state of ultimate chaos and destruction. Human existence would constantly be threatened by the dangers of society without a proper system of justice. Regan and Goneril continue to pose as a threat towards Lear and those who are on his side. When arguing with his wife, Albany points out that â€Å"If the heavens do not their visible spirits / Send quickly down to tame these vile offenses, / It will come, / Humanity must perforce prey on itself, / Like monsters of the deep. (iv ii 46-49). Albany implies that if the gods do not quickly bring justice everyone will eventually turn against each other, so without someone serving justice to all the evil people, humanity would be threatened by our own human race. Justice would prevail over mercy. In order to maintain a civilized society, people should receive proper punishment and suffer the consequences for their crimes so that we can prevent further crimes in the world, promote freedom and equality, and prevent tyranny in the world. If the Lear universe had a system of justice in place much like in our world today, many of the events leading to the tragic ending could have been avoided. Justice, in all aspects, makes a better resolution than mercy and will continue to serve to make society safe and secure. Works Cited Shakespeare, William. King Lear. Toronto: Signet Classic Shakespeare, 1998. Well expressed but a bit overstated! Justice involves more than punishment so the concept of justice that you were working from is skewed. 45/50 How to cite Lesson 6, Essay examples

The Portfolio About The Cultural Change

Question: Explain The Portfolio about the cultural change. Answer: Introduction The portfolio is concerned about the cultural and change aspects of the concerned organization. In this case, the concerned organization is Boots UK, the company works in partnership with those entrepreneurs those who provide valuable offers to the company by offering their ground braking concepts (Boots-uk.com 2016). The company also welcomes innovators from all over the world who in turn share their expertise and experience and thereby keeps the company in a profitable condition. As the company works with the external partners and thereby gains the accessibility to various exciting and innovative products and technologies. These products can be licensed and co-developed for meeting the needs of the company. This also helps the organization to flourish in the excessively competitive market. The organization adopts a number of strategies to cope up with the ever-increasing competitiveness in the market (Boots-uk.com 2016). The first and foremost strategy adopted by the company is the inventive strategy. Under inventive strategy, Boots UK increases its number of products and expands its business in new markets through the existing or new businesses of the company (Alliance Boots 2016). This can be explained with the help of the following Ansoffs matrix, Products Markets New Existing Existing Penetrating the market New products New Expanding the existing market Diversification Figure 1: Ansoffs matrix (Source: Lozano 2012) Another strategy is renovative strategy; it states that under this strategy an organization keeps on doing what it is doing currently. Moreover, it follows the existing strategy rather than making any strategic reform. Boots UK also follows incremental strategy. It is believed that by following this strategy is impossible to accomplish in an effective and efficient manner because the strategic problems are complicated and are changing continuously (Teece 2012). Therefore, it is essential for the strategy to be incremental or adaptive; this will in turn help the organization to adapt to the changes occurring inside as well as outside the organization. Change within the organization will lead to a change in this strategic framework as well as the organizational culture. Therefore, it is essential for Boots UK to identify the current strategic framework and the organizational culture along with the needs to implement changes so that the existing framework and policy could be redesigned or changed for increasing the profitability of the organization (Jiang et al. 2012). Overview of change and change management: According to Bloom et al. (2013), change plays a very important role in the context of industrial practices. However, the term change has not been defined yet in a widely accepted way. The appropriateness of organizational change management and cultural practices depend upon how the developed theories are fitted with the practice and vice versa. Author sums up these arguments in an efficient manner, such as, Theory is defined as the genre where everything is known and nothing works Practice is the genre where everything works However, the reason is unknown, Here theory and practices are combined and where theory and practices is combined nothing works at all and nobody knows the reason behind. In a situation like this, it is quite unlikely that a single change model will fit perfectly to the situation. Hence, there is a scope to develop a more efficient model of change. Therefore, there is a dire need to move away from static models to a dynamic one, which stresses more on the dynamics of change rather than the contents and substances of change (Gioia et al. 2013). Changes, which are generally small and simple, are characterized as hard problems and these changes are managed by day-to-day operational management activities (Nica 2013). These specific types of changes are not referred to as the changes made by managers and the management process of these changes are not termed as the change management. Managers on the other hand will have to consider a number of factors, which are dynamic as well as complex in nature. These factors should be considered before making any management decisions (Lozano 2012). If these factors are considered it will affect he efficiency, efficacy as well as effectiveness of the change process and thereby ensure the sustainability of the organization. A social process necessitating responsibilities associated with effective organizational planning and regulation for establishing the efficient operability of the enterprise. For the fulfillment of the purposes the process must include, Proper judgment and decision-making capability for designing plans and making use of available data for evaluation the progress of the plan The dedication, guidance and motivation of the person constituting the organization and thereby establishing its operability As pointed out by author, the four key elements of management are planning, coordination, control and motivation. However, according to author, organizing, planning, coordinating, commanding and controlling are the five main functions associated with effective management. While discharging their duty efficiently and well as in an effective manner managers are faced with a number of changes regularly (Klein et al. 2012). Therefore, it is essential to determine the difference between management and change management. Change can be characterized as the process of making things different. However, this thing needs mentioning actual and perceived changes explicitly. Therefore, organizational change management is defined as the path and procedure involved in the transformation of an organization (Stahl et al. 2012). However, the human resource management personnel defines change management as, the efficient and methodical approach and application of knowledge, resources and tools for dealing with changes within the organization (Inkson et al. 2012). According to these personnel, change management depicts explaining and adopting corporate strategies, procedures, structures and technologies and thereby dealing with the changes in the external conditions as well as the environment of the business. Hence, change management or managing the organizational or cultural change is simply a management control structure established with the help of applying effective management interventions that incorporates people for achieving a desired state along with predefined outcomes of performance in accordance with the strategy of the organization (O'Reilly and Tushman 2013). Concept of Organizational Change and change management: In order to shed light on the concept of organizational change and managing the change it is necessary to gain sufficient knowledge about the different types of change prevalent in any organization (Ki et al. 2015). A number of models have been developed for considering these various types of organizational changes. Therefore, to gain a broader insight about the concerned topic, the level of change, size and scope of change, momentum of the change and the nature of change will be considered in this section of the portfolio (Schaltegger et al. 2012). Level of Organizational Change: According to Robbins et al. (2013), there are mainly three stages of changes in an organization. The first among them is the organizational specific change. Then comes the generic organization based change programmes like business process engineering and then finally or the third factor in the generic multi organizational change programmes, such as mergers and acquisitions. The scope and size of change: Child (2005) designed an useful model for differentiating between scope of change and type of change (Avolio and Yammarino 2013), This model is known as the Childs model of organizational change, Approaches toward organizational change Planned Emergent Entire Organization Radical BPR Organic development (Developing startup company) Departmental merger Implementing changes in the selection process of new members as made by the teams Partial Organization Incremental Annually targeted improvements Learning in the organization Entire Organization Changes associated on the performance plans of staff Improving continuously with the help of project teams Partial Organization Figure 1: Childs Model of Organizational Change (Source: Avolio and Yammarino 2013) While using this model it should also be kept in mind that it is easy to define radical and incremental change and these kinds of changes can be measured as well. Often the perceived scale of change may be more important than that of the actual scale of change. These changes are observable in Boots UK; the organization evidently went through these types of changes. However, now it is necessary to determine the current situation of the organization in the competitive market and thereby implement organizational change programme accordingly (Garca-Morales et al. 2012). Nature of Change: Planned or Unplanned: In the case of organizational change it is normally assumed that all the changes in the organization are planned and rational along with this it also possesses efficient control over all the processes and resources. However, according to Rafferty et al. (2013), there may arise situations when a less planned but logical method can be adopted. Another argument, which is considered as parallel to this approach, is adopting an organic approach towards change against an expected mechanistic approach. It is also expected that if changes emerge, then as per one approach the management of the organization will throw a symbolical grenade over the organization and watch what will happen (Rglinger et al. 2012). For example, it can be seen in the context of Boots UK that, the organization once had set about the rumor mongering around restructuring and job cuts. Therefore, notifying the employees about job cuts and also informs the employees formally about the fact that all jobs have been red circled and they are required to apply for new positions (Battilana and Casciaro 2012). During this time period the communication with the management is kept low deliberately. Then the management watched what happened after a period of time. Hence it is observed that the employees automatically adapted to the changed work environment without the intervention of management. Nature of the change: (Hard/ Soft change): The hard elements of change are characterized as the tasks within change management, which are defined and measurable. On the other hand, the soft factors are the motivation and culture (Haslam et al. 2014). These soft factors are quite more difficult to evaluate. Therefore, the focus of Boots UK should be concentrated on the task management factors associated with the soft factors during the interventions of change. According to Symon and Cassell (2012), there are four hard factors, which are correlated with outcome of intervention of changes. These factors are time duration, dependence on the managers, commitment and dedication of the employees and the effort exerted by the employees (Galliers and Leidner 2014). The momentum of change: Magnitude and Speed Momentum of change is the combination of sped and magnitude associated with the change. This is a crucial concept in assessing the characteristics of various types of change. It has been observed previously that it is not easy to predict the momentum of change, however t can be anticipated (Hayes 2014). Interventions for managing changes may be considered from the available options. The following model depicts the momentum of change model, Magnitude of Change Planned Large Change Slow Change Big Bang Large Change Fast Change Smooth Small Change Slow Change Bumpy Small Change Fast Change Figure 2: Model of momentum of change (Source: Haslam et al. 2014) The model above depicts momentum of change based on two key variables magnitude of change and speed of change. In the chart above, the smooth and bumpy changes are categorized as small changes relative to the others (Benn et al. 2014). These changes differ in the speed of it implementation. Smooth changes generally occur over a longer period of time compared to the latter. Smooth changes occur in a small set of steps and sometimes pointed out as incremental and are rarely noticeable in the daily business of an organization. The example of such changes is minor changes in the policy structure (Fugate et al. 2012). On the other hand, bumpy changes are easily noticeable as these changes are fast and for this these changes requires quick response on the part of the managers as well as the employees who are dealing with this change (Cummings and Worley 2014). The example of these types of changes would be the organization going through crisis and needs significant amount of investment. Rationale behind implementing the organizational change process in Boots UK Now, in this section it will be discussed why the organization needs to implement change. The changes within an organization are determined by a number of push and pull factors. Sometimes organizations are faced with choices between they are forced to change or they are willing to change (Bootà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Handford and Smyth 2013). In some cases, the organizations are forced to change because of some legal factors. In the case of Boots UK the needs and rationale for implementing change is necessary to determine. This will help the company to find out the actual trigger for change. In order to determine the strategic change in the Boots UK a number of factors are identified which may act as the trigger for initiating change, The company faces challenges regarding growth, especially in the global market The recent economic downturn and complicated condition for trading Strategic reform Technological redesigning Competitive pressures including mergers and acquisition Pressure for learning various organizational skills and behaviors Legislative and government initiatives According to Beirne (2013), it is necessary to understand change in the context of a changing organization. This puts a number of simultaneous adaptive pressure on the employees. Boots UK decided to implement changes based on the external drivers as well as the internal drivers. In order to examine the external drivers for change in Bots UK, PESTLE analysis can be used. The PESTLE analysis is used shed light on the political, economic, sociological, technological, legal and environmental framework that can affect the strategic as well as cultural change in the organization. Implementing PESTLE analysis on Alliance Boots GmbH UK, the PESTLE analysis is based solely on the study conducted by Leal-Rodrguez et al. (2015). Political factors: The recent government policy of drug pricing is the key political factor that affects the Boots UK. There are occurrence of parallel import as well as attitude to grey market Presently monopoly investigations are taking place at national level as well as the European Union level, associated with the perfume distribution. Economic factors: During the time of recession the demand for customers with prescription remains the same The demand for products of the company which are generally used as gift giving items is affected during recession Social factors: The pressure of fashion and lifestyle acts as an important stimulus for increasing r decreasing the demand for beauty products The involvement of media in encouraging preventive medicines is acting as a stimulus in the market. As the travel activity is increasing it is also increasing the demand for travel elated products, such as sun cream etc. Technological factors: An increasing trend of online buying is compelling the organizations to change the technological framework for supporting the buyers with improved buying experience. Environmental factors: Some environmental factors are also impacting on the company externally, such s the packaging issue that is affecting the environment adversely The environmental and ethical market initiated niche retailers such as the body shop; these are now emerging in the main stream market as well. Legal factors: It is necessary for the company to follow proper legal framework and guidelines strictly, such as the labor law and employee safety act. It is also important to increase spending on research and development. This PESTEL analysis provides a very efficient and useful analytical framework for analyzing the external factors that play significant role in shaping up the external environment of the organization. When PESTLE analysis is combined with SWOT analysis, an evidence-based approach helps in designing the strategic decisions (Moore 2012). The SWOT analysis mainly classifies the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The factors identified in the PESTLE analysis can be used in this framework as the strengths and weaknesses and these are broadly the internal factors of the organizations, which can be used against the external organizational factors such as opportunities and threats. In this looking-out and looking-in, approach provides an internal-external organizational analysis and helps in the strategic management process if carried out in an efficient and purposeful manner (Moore 2012). SWOT analysis of Alliance Boots GmbH, UK: The SWOT analysis is also an analytical tool that tests the internal as well as external factors affecting the organization. Strengths: The key strength of the company is that it possesses a strong distribution network of the pharmaceutical products. Strong marketing as well as rebranding strategies that helps to gain competitive advantage. The wide range of products helps the company to improve its business Weaknesses: The market is concentrated specifically and this is increasing the risk factors Opportunities: Developing partnership with other organizations will improve the market positioning of the organization Again growth in different geographical locations will help the organization to improve its global reach Collaborating with Welgreen made the country able to become the first global wellbeing industry led by global pharmacy. Threats: Increased competition in the market may decrease the profit margins of the company Stringent rules and regulations within the organization is another potential threat before the company. Based on the SWOT and PESTLE framework taken together it can be seen that though Alliance Boots UK is in a good shape and situation it also faces a number of difficulties. Again, in order to flourish in the increasingly competitive market it is also required for the Boots UK to implement certain changes in its partnership policy, employment and retention policy and in some other sectors as well (Alliance Boots 2016). In order to cope up with the competition the company can also adopt certain unique strategies. These strategies may include development of high-end products and which is also differentiated from the existing products in the market. Expectedly, this advanced change in the strategic framework will help the organization to flourish in near future. This is in the context of external analysis, in order to find out the rationale behind implementing change it is also necessary to take into account the analysis of internal drivers as well (Alliance Boots 2016). A number of internal factors such as the leadership techniques, human resource management policies, structural framework, business plan along with job structure etc. determine the structural change implementation in the organization. Models of Organizational Change: The most popular model for change management is the Lewins three-phase model. This model is the most widely used model for managing the changes within the organization. The three stages for managing changes are unfreezing, movement and refreezing. At the unfreezing stage resistance towards change is lowered for recognizing and accepting the need of change (Leal-Rodrguez et al. 2015). In the next stage that is movement stage; new attitudes are developed for encouraging the behaviors which are essential for the occurrence of change. In the last stage, that is in the refreezing stage the organization performs stabilizing, supporting and reinforcing activities for helping the new changed conditions. This model depicts a systematic approach towards management of change by describing a sequence if processes which are well defined. The model is based on the context that by identifying and understanding the key steps involved in the process of change; the likelihood of occurrence of change management is increased (Leal-Rodrguez et al. 2015). Managers do this by making improved and enhanced decision and determine which interventions should be used for the effective management of change. The developer of this model also gave rise to force field analysis technique for determining the forces for and against change. At different points of time there are a number of forces that will act for the change and some factors will act against the change (Teece 2012). When the sum the factors acting for and against the changes are equal then these forces cancel each other. Hence, when the forces driving changes are greater than that of the forces which are against changes, change will take place and the organization will move to a newer place. In the case of Boots UK the forces acting for driving the changes, such as changing the human resource practices, increasing competitiveness of the market and partnership policies are greater than that of the forces acting against the changes such as the current policies of the organization, success in the present market, and increase in the current market share. As the force acting in favor of change is greater, hence, change will take place and the organization will be at a new place (Beirne 2013). Therefore, as per this model in the first stage Boots UK will determine the initial problems within and outside the organization (Beirne 2013). That is the issues with external environment of the company along with the internal policy and strategies of the organization. Then the organization will collect data regarding these issues and try to diagnose the problems. In the movement stage, the organization will perform an action planning in accordance with the diagnosed problems and implement this action plan (Lozano 2012). Then the effectiveness of these strategies will be verified. Then at the last stage, assessment of these strategies will be done and the organization will be able to learn from the process as well. Challenges of implementing organizational change: While implementing the change programme the organization were faced with a number of difficulties. At first, the behavior of the employees became a prior challenge as acceptability of the employees towards change is a prior challenge (Lozano 2012). On the other hand, the efficacy of the company while implementing the change program is another crucial factor that should be taken into account (Nica 2013). The organization should be concerned about the environment of applicability of these changes. Again, another challenge faced by Boots UK while implementing the change programme is the readiness of the targeted customers of the company. Moreover, whenever a change is implemented the experience of a year old employee becomes obsolete, therefore, it is quite evident that they will also oppose change implementation. End result of cultural change in Boots UK In the context of end results it is observed that the implementation of appropriate strategies gave rise to the successful outcome of the Boots UK. The company is a leading pharmaceutical company in United Kingdom. The initial objectives of the change implementation programme have been met (Boots-uk.com 2016). With the help of this programme a number of operational improvements have been implemented. A number of great results have also been obtained by implementing the strategic change programme. It is found that the engagement scores of the employees increased significantly at each site. The service delivery process has been improved significantly with the help of implementing this process and the delivery processes at the stores have also been improved. The retention rate of the employees has also been increased and this have used the supervisors as the key resources (Boots-uk.com 2016). It has made the organization to become able to make it sure to deliver the necessary intangible resources. Conclusion: In order to conclude it can be said that the portfolio has met all the requirements as stated in the question quite evidently. In order to conduct the assignment a rigorous review of literature has been conducted in this regard. With the help of the knowledge gained by this literature review answers have been provided to the questions. The Boots UK a leading pharmaceutical manufacturing farm had been planning to implement change process. 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